{"id":10750,"date":"2017-02-12T16:12:27","date_gmt":"2017-02-12T16:12:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/2017\/02\/12\/la-contaminacio-atmosferica-ens-esta-matant-per-joaquim-elcacho\/"},"modified":"2023-04-01T12:28:52","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T10:28:52","slug":"la-contaminacio-atmosferica-ens-esta-matant-per-joaquim-elcacho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2017\/02\/12\/la-contaminacio-atmosferica-ens-esta-matant-per-joaquim-elcacho\/","title":{"rendered":"La contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica ens est\u00e0 matant. Per Joaquim Elcacho"},"content":{"rendered":"

Els episodis de contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica que viuen aquest hivern ciutats com Barcelona, Madrid, Par\u00eds, Londres o Pequ\u00edn posen en evid\u00e8ncia -un any m\u00e9s- la incapacitat de les societats industrialitzades de garantir la qualitat de vida dels seus ciutadans.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de la incomoditat de no poder veure el blau del cel durant molts dies -i no precisament per la formaci\u00f3 de boira natural-, l’aire irrespirable d’aquestes i moltes altres grans urbs afecta greument la salut de les persones.<\/p>\n

En les dues darreres d\u00e8cades s’han portat a terme arreu del m\u00f3n desenes d’estudis sobre la relaci\u00f3 entre qualitat de l’aire i aparici\u00f3 o agreujament de malalties. Els dos exemples m\u00e9s propers i punyents han estat publicats la darrera tardor per la Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut (OMS) i experts de l’Institut de Salut Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal).<\/p>\n

L’OMS calcula que uns 3 milions de morts a l’any<\/strong> estan relacionades amb l’exposici\u00f3 a la contaminaci\u00f3 de l’atmosfera en espais oberts (principalment, ciutats), segons el balan\u00e7 publicat el passat 27 de setembre a Ginebra (Su\u00efssa) . M\u00e9s del 90% d’aquestes morts prematures relacionades amb la mala qualitat de l’aire es deuen a l’aparici\u00f3 de malalties cardiovasculars, accidents cerebrovasculars, pneumopatia obstructiva cr\u00f2nica i el c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3. La contaminaci\u00f3 de l’aire tamb\u00e9 augmenta el risc d’infeccions respirat\u00f2ries agudes, recordava aquesta entitat de Nacions Unides.<\/p>\n

\"contaminacion<\/p>\n

La doctora Flavia Bustreo, adjunta al director general de l’OMS, destaca que “la contaminaci\u00f3 de l’aire continua fent mal a la salut especialment als grups de poblaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s vulnerables: les dones, els nens i les persones d’edat avan\u00e7ada”<\/i>. L’informe de l’OMS reiterava una realitat coneguda per tothom: les principals fonts de contaminaci\u00f3 de l’aire s\u00f3n les maneres ineficients de transport (vehicles amb motor de benzina i gas-oil) , la crema de combustible a les llars i la crema de deixalles, les centrals el\u00e8ctriques que fan servir carb\u00f3 o hidrocarburs, i les activitats industrials.<\/p>\n

Aquest informe de l’OMS presenta tamb\u00e9 detalls sobre l’impacte de la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica per Estats. Aix\u00ed, les dades indiquen que a Espanya moren cada any de forma prematura unes 7.000 persones a causa de les malalties relacionades amb la falta de qualitat de l’aire. En concret, l’any 2012 -el m\u00e9s recent amb dades oficials en aquest estudi publicat al 2016- van morir a Espanya a causa d’aquests problemes de salut un total de 6.861 persones.<\/p>\n

El trist repartir d’aquestes xifres va ser el seg\u00fcent: 3.134 morts es van deure a malalties cardiovasculars, 1.834 a c\u00e0ncer de coll, 1.765 a accidents cerebrovasculars, 125 a pneum\u00f2nia obstructiva cr\u00f2nica i 3 a malalties respiratories agudes en nens de menys de cinc anys. L’informe afegeix que la pol\u00b7luci\u00f3 va ocasionar al 2012 a Espanya 15 morts per cada 100.000 habitants.<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L’informe de l’OMS indica que els pa\u00efsos amb m\u00e9s morts atribu\u00efbles a la contaminaci\u00f3 s\u00f3n la Xina (1.032.833 morts anuals), \u00cdndia (621.138), R\u00fassia (140.851), Pakistan (59.241), Ucra\u00efna (54.507), Egipte (45.531), Bangladesh (37.449) , Turquia (32.668), Jap\u00f3 (30.790), Filipines (28.696), Vietnam (27.340), Pol\u00f2nia (26.589), el Brasil (26.241), Alemanya (26.160), Rep\u00fablica Democr\u00e0tica del Congo (23.034), M\u00e8xic (16.798) i el Regne Unit (16.355).<\/p>\n

El 18 de novembre passat, la revista especialitzada Environment International<\/i> publicava els resultats d’una investigaci\u00f3 liderada per cient\u00edfics d’ISGlobal que ajuden a entendre l’abast concret d’aquest problema, amb dades recollides en tot el territori espanyol entre els anys 2009 i 2013. Els resultats posen de manifest que les concentracions de contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica estan associades amb importants reduccions en l’esperan\u00e7a de vida.<\/p>\n

Aix\u00ed, aquest estudi epidemiol\u00f2gic indica que un increment de 5 mg \/ m3 (5 micrograms per metre c\u00fabic) en la concentraci\u00f3 de part\u00edcules PM10 (part\u00edcules contaminants d’un di\u00e0metre menor de 10 micres) d\u00f3na com a resultat la p\u00e8rdua de gaireb\u00e9 un any de vida a les persones que respiren aquest aire contaminat. Al seu torn, un augment de 2 mg\/m3 en la concentraci\u00f3 de part\u00edcules PM2,5 es va relacionar amb una reducci\u00f3 de 7 mesos de vida.<\/p>\n

Per tenir idea dels valors esmentats en aquest estudi es pot recordar, per exemple, que les dades oficials de 2015 de la ciutat de Barcelona indiquen que a la Pla\u00e7a Universitat, la mitjana anual de PM10 va ser de 31 mg \/ m3 mentre que a la part alta de la Diagonal (Zona Universit\u00e0ria) la mitjana anual va ser de de 24 mg \/ m3. Aquests increments en la concentraci\u00f3 de part\u00edcules PM10 i PM2.5 estaven associats amb un augment del risc de mortalitat del 5,7% i del 3,7%, respectivament.<\/p>\n

\"contaminacion<\/p>\n

L’investigador d’ISGlobal Xavier Basaga\u00f1a destaca que “l’associaci\u00f3 entre contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica i mortalitat \u00e9s una evid\u00e8ncia, per tant, fer-li front hauria de ser una prioritat de salut p\u00fablica”.\u00a0<\/i>Sense arribar a l’extrem de provocar la mort, la contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica perjudica seriosament la salut i la qualitat de vida de les persones. Veiem dos casos que ho demostren. A l’abril de 2015, la revista cient\u00edfica Stroke <\/i>va publicar els resultats d’un estudi dirigit per cient\u00edfics del Centre M\u00e8dic Beth Israel Deaconess de Boston i de l’Escola de Medicina de la Universitat de Boston en que es demostra que l’exposici\u00f3 a llarg termini a ambients amb aire contaminat causa danys a les estructures del cervell i afecta la funci\u00f3 cognitiva en els adults de mitjana edat i gent gran.<\/p>\n

De forma paral\u00b7lela, dos articles publicats el passat mes d’octubre a la revista Fertility and Sterility<\/i> pel grup d’investigadors Hospital del Mar de Barcelona indicaven que els nivells elevats de contaminants atmosf\u00e8rics derivats del tr\u00e0nsit a les grans ciutats causen un major nombre d’avortaments i alteren la qualitat de l’esperma.<\/p>\n

Documentaci\u00f3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

–\u00a0http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2016\/air-pollution-estimates\/en\/
\n<\/a>– https: \/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27871798
\n–\u00a0https:\/\/www.isglobal.org\/es\/web\/guest\/new\/\/asset_publisher\/JZ9fGljXnWpI\/content\/asocian-la-exposicion-a-la-contaminaci\u00f3n-atmosferica-con-una-reducci\u00f3n-importante-de-la-esperanza-de-vida-en-espana<\/a><\/p>\n

Autor:\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Joaquim Elcacho, Periodista especialitzat en Medi Ambient i Ci\u00e8ncia<\/em>
\n<\/em>Bio Eco Actual Febrer 2017
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Els episodis de contaminació atmosfèrica que viuen aquest hivern ciutats com Barcelona, Madrid, París, Londres o Pequín posen en evidència -un any més- la incapacitat de les societats industrialitzades de garantir la qualitat de vida dels seus ciutadans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":15948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7164],"tags":[5144,5143,4330],"class_list":["post-10750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualitat","tag-contamicacion","tag-contaminacion-atmosferica","tag-muertes-por-contaminacion"],"yoast_head":"\nLa contaminaci\u00f3 atmosf\u00e8rica ens est\u00e0 matant. 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