{"id":17572,"date":"2017-06-08T18:31:13","date_gmt":"2017-06-08T16:31:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=17572\/"},"modified":"2018-02-02T12:17:34","modified_gmt":"2018-02-02T10:17:34","slug":"residus-plastics-inunden-nostres-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2017\/06\/08\/residus-plastics-inunden-nostres-mars\/","title":{"rendered":"Els residus pl\u00e0stics inunden els nostres mars"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un equip internacional en el qu\u00e8 participa una investigadora del Consell Superior d’Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques (CSIC)<\/strong> ha descobert recentment que l’eruga de l’arna de la cera (de nom cient\u00edfic ‘Galleria mellonella’) \u00e9s capa\u00e7 de degradar o descompondre pl\u00e0stics tan resistents com el polietil\u00e8.
\n<\/p>\n

Aquest cuc que en altres circumst\u00e0ncies suposa un perill per als ruscs d’abelles (fins a esdevenir una plaga), pot digerir el pl\u00e0stic i convertir-lo en subst\u00e0ncies menys contaminants.<\/p>\n

Potser en el futur, l’\u00fas d’aquest tipus d’insectes podria ajudar a reduir el greu problema de l’acumulaci\u00f3 de residus pl\u00e0stics -especialment preocupant en els mars i oceans-, encara que la soluci\u00f3 real hauria de passar per reduir l’\u00fas de pl\u00e0stics procedents del petroli i evitar que les seves deixalles contaminin el medi ambient.<\/p>\n

L’acumulaci\u00f3 de residus pl\u00e0stics \u00e9s un dels problemes m\u00e9s preocupants per al present i el futur del medi mar\u00ed. Cada any arriben al mar entre 4,8 i 12,7 milions de tones de restes de pl\u00e0stics sint\u00e8tics, segons un estudi publicat al febrer de 2015 a la prestigiosa revista ‘Science’<\/em><\/strong> per investigadors de la Universitat de Santa B\u00e0rbara (Estats Units)<\/strong>. De forma paral\u00b7lela, investigadors del Centre d’Estudis Avan\u00e7ats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC)<\/strong> calculen que la superf\u00edcie de la Mediterr\u00e0nia cont\u00e9 unes 1.455 tones de residus pl\u00e0stics, segons els resultats del projecte NIXE III<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Per ser conscients que el problema afecta la pr\u00e0ctica totalitat dels racons marins del planeta, s’ha d’esmentar tamb\u00e9 un estudi publicat el passat 19 d’abril [2017] a la revista ‘Science Advances’<\/em><\/strong> en qu\u00e8 es mostren dades actuals sobre els pl\u00e0stics que s’estan acumulant en les aig\u00fces de l’oce\u00e0 \u00c0rtic. Els residus procedents de l’Atl\u00e0ntic Nord estan sent arrossegats cap al Pol Nord i es concentren en una zona en la qual cada vegada hi ha menys gel per culpa del canvi clim\u00e0tic. En aquest estudi, que va comptar amb la participaci\u00f3 de l’investigador Andr\u00e9s C\u00f3zar<\/strong>, professor de la Universitat de Cadis<\/strong>, es destaca que la pres\u00e8ncia de pl\u00e0stics a l’\u00c0rtic suposa una seriosa amena\u00e7a per a l’ecosistema mar\u00ed i moltes de les seves esp\u00e8cies d’animals i plantes.<\/p>\n

Els seus impactes negatius ja es deixen notar. Els responsables d’aquest estudi indiquen que al nord de la mar de Groenl\u00e0ndia i a la frontera nord-est de la mar de Barents van ser localitzats uns 63.000 fragments de pl\u00e0stic per quil\u00f2metre quadrat.<\/p>\n

En els \u00faltims anys s’han posat a prova algunes tecnologies que poden ajudar a reduir la pres\u00e8ncia de deixalles persistents com els pl\u00e0stics. L’estiu de 2016, per exemple, la fundaci\u00f3 The Ocean Cleanup<\/em><\/strong> que lidera el jove Boyan Slat<\/strong> va instal\u00b7lar al mar del Nord, a 23 quil\u00f2metres de la costa d’Holanda, el primer prototip de barrera flotant per a la recollida de residus. Aquest dispositiu experimental, de 100 metres de llarg, romandr\u00e0 flotant al mar fins al juliol d’aquest any [2017] per posar a prova el disseny, prestacions i resist\u00e8ncia del sistema.<\/p>\n

L’objectiu final de The Ocean Cleanup \u00e9s construir i posar en funcionament diversos equips de grans dimensions que permetin recollir els residus flotants (principalment pl\u00e0stics) a la zona del Pac\u00edfic. Diversos estudis i observacions des d’avions mostren que en aquestes aig\u00fces \u00e9s on s’acumulen -per accions de les corrents marines- les majors concentracions d’aquests residus produ\u00efts pels humans.<\/p>\n

El sistema ideat per Boyan Slat consisteix a desplegar al mar grans barreres flotants en forma de V, amb la finalitat de concentrar el residu i facilitar la seva recollida mec\u00e0nica. El projecte ha rebut una desena de guardons internacionals i ha aconseguit recaptar fons suficients -i ajudes d’empreses tecnol\u00f2giques- per posar en marxa les primeres fases d’investigaci\u00f3 i desenvolupament.<\/p>\n

\"Pl\u00e1sticos<\/a><\/p>\n

primeres fases d’investigaci\u00f3 i desenvolupament.<\/p>\n

La iniciativa del jove Boyan Slat \u00e9s una de les m\u00e9s conegudes per\u00f2 no \u00e9s l’\u00fanica que tracta d’aplicar noves tecnologies a la neteja de l’aigua de la mar, vegem altres iniciatives interessants.<\/p>\n

El dispositiu SeaBin<\/em><\/strong>, dissenyat per els joves Andrew Turton i Peter Ceglinski<\/strong>, \u00e9s una mena de paperera marina que funciona de manera similar als dispositius de recollida de fulles i residus flotants de les piscines. Una bomba connectada amb aquest recollidor xucla l’aigua superficial i els residus flotants, que queden retinguts en un filtre. El primer prototip de SeaBin va ser posat a prova durant el 2016 al Club Mar\u00edtim de Palma (Balears, Espanya)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A Baltimore (Estats Units) 2016 es va posar en servei un prototip del recollidor d’escombraries marines impulsat amb energia solar; una petita embarcaci\u00f3 batejada com ‘Profesor Trash Wheel’<\/em><\/strong> que fa pujar a bord les deixalles flotants gr\u00e0cies a una cinta transportadora.<\/p>\n

La Universitat North Carolina a Wilm ington (EUA) i el Plastic Ocean Project<\/strong> treballen des de 2009 en el dispositiu de recollida d’escombraries conegut com Manta Trawler<\/em><\/strong>. En aquest cas, una embarcaci\u00f3 arrossegaria una xarxa semiflotant amb forma d’embut i dip\u00f2sit de recollida a la part final.<\/p>\n

En un altre projecte realment innovador, la Abundant Seas Foundation<\/em><\/strong>, amb seu a Gig Harbor (Estats Units), ha proposat l’anomenat Pod Project<\/em><\/strong> , una iniciativa que compta amb un prototip que simula una gran boia en qu\u00e8 es recullen els residus flotants de forma autom\u00e0tica, aprofitant el moviment de les onades i els corrents marins. Quan el dip\u00f2sit d’aquesta boia s’omple, un sistema autom\u00e0tic d\u00f3na un senyal al servei de recollida de deixalles.<\/p>\n

Autor: <\/strong>Periodista especialitzat en Medi Ambient i Ci\u00e8ncia
\n<\/em>Bio Eco Actual Juny 2017<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un equip internacional en el què participa una investigadora del Consell Superior d’Investigacions Científiques (CSIC) ha descobert recentment que l’eruga de l’arna de la cera (de nom científic ‘Galleria mellonella’) és capaç de degradar o descompondre plàstics tan resistents com el polietilè.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualitat"],"yoast_head":"\nEls residus pl\u00e0stics inunden els nostres mars - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un equip internacional en el qu\u00e8 participa una investigadora del Consell Superior d'Investigacions Cient\u00edfiques (CSIC). 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