Des d’un punt de vista m\u00e9s funcional que descriptiu, el s\u00f2l \u00e9s un complex sistema altament organitzat, amb les seves pr\u00f2pies lleis d’organitzaci\u00f3, en el qual interactuen minerals, vegetals, macro i microorganismes en cooperaci\u00f3, a m\u00e9s de gasos i aigua en diferents estats.<\/p>\n
A un nivell de major complexitat, la edafosfera, fa refer\u00e8ncia al m\u00f3n dels s\u00f2ls; a aquesta capa que constitueix la coberta de la superf\u00edcie terrestre, la “pell del nostre planeta”, que ens convida a imaginar-la com una geomembrana del modelatge terrestre, amb certes analogies a les biomembranes dels \u00e9ssers vius, la qual cosa li permet actuar com un sistema obert a l’intercanvi de mat\u00e8ria, energia i informaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n
El s\u00f2l, com a component integrador de la biosfera, no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s un substrat productiu, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s el responsable de molts dels serveis ambientals que fan possible el benestar hum\u00e0: \u00e9s mitigador del canvi clim\u00e0tic, receptor i recol\u00b7lector del carboni, receptacle de l’aigua dol\u00e7a, aixopluc d’una enorme biodiversitat, filtre regulador de plagues i malalties, medi per subministrar oxigen a l’atmosfera a trav\u00e9s de les plantes que sost\u00e9, \u00e9s font de salut i de benestar i \u00e9s, al cap i a la fi, el substrat sobre el qual desenvolupem la nostra exist\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n
El s\u00f2l \u00e9s el responsable de molts dels serveis ambientals que fan possible el benestar hum\u00e0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
A m\u00e9s, com a gran transmutador, el s\u00f2l converteix la mat\u00e8ria inert en mat\u00e8ria viva<\/strong>; en rebre les restes org\u00e0niques en forma de necromassa i convertir-les en m\u00faltiples formes de vida, sense oblidar-nos que a trav\u00e9s dels cicles biogeoqu\u00edmics fa biodisponibles els elements minerals, en el seu viatge per la biosfera.<\/p>\nSi ens centrem en el seu maneig productiu, el marc te\u00f2ric agroecol\u00f2gic \u00e9s el que m\u00e9s s’ha aproximat al coneixement global del s\u00f2l i de la millora de la seva funcionalitat tradu\u00efda en fertilitat, producci\u00f3 i conservaci\u00f3<\/strong>.<\/p>\nPer a la agroecologia<\/strong> i els models agraris m\u00e9s hol\u00edstics sorgits sota el coneixement d’aquesta ci\u00e8ncia integradora, el s\u00f2l de cultiu \u00e9s un sistema vivent que reflecteix la naturalesa agroambiental i la cosmovisi\u00f3 de cada territori i considera com aspectes reeixits a tenir en compte a l’hora del seu maneig: la mem\u00f2ria del s\u00f2l, <\/strong>reflectida en la seva g\u00e8nesi i en la seva hist\u00f2ria agr\u00e0ria i l’obligaci\u00f3 de mantenir en la gesti\u00f3 productiva la vida del s\u00f2l,<\/strong> en totes les seves formes i manifestacions, per\u00f2 no nom\u00e9s mantenir-la en relaci\u00f3 a la quantitat, sin\u00f3 en relaci\u00f3 a la seva funcionalitat.<\/p>\nPer tant, un dels reptes per aconseguir sistemes productius veritablement sostenibles, anir\u00e0 enfocat a vivificar el s\u00f2l<\/strong>.<\/p>\n![\"Vivificar](\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/PAG.28_SECCIO_AGRICULTURA_VIVIFICAR_EL_SOL.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Vivificar el s\u00f2l convida a recuperar, a trav\u00e9s d’activar mitjan\u00e7ant un coneixement i un maneig prec\u00eds, els mecanismes bioqu\u00edmics i energ\u00e8tics que permeten la recuperaci\u00f3 de la seva funcionalitat.<\/p>\n
La comprensi\u00f3 del terme de partir d’una visi\u00f3 integral dels sistemes productius que ens dirigeixi a treballar el s\u00f2l com un ecosistema vivent on tots els seus components estan interconnectats; un sistema en qu\u00e8 la cooperaci\u00f3 \u00e9s la base de l’evoluci\u00f3<\/strong>; un medi \u00a0en el qual lleis precises permeten l’expressi\u00f3 de la seva vitalitat en les manifestacions m\u00e9s pr\u00f2ximes per a l’agricultura com s\u00f3n la qualitat i la fertilitat.<\/p>\nEl coneixement de l’ecologia de sistemes i la imitaci\u00f3 dels processos que en ells ocorren ens facilita el treball agr\u00edcola enfocat a vivificar el s\u00f2l.<\/p>\n
Aix\u00ed sabem, que els s\u00f2ls en condicions naturals mantenen en el seu si un enorme “capital natural” representat per totes les varietats de macro i microorganismes i per les seves interaccions intra i interesp\u00e8cies, a m\u00e9s de les que ocorren amb el seu medi.<\/p>\n
En relaci\u00f3 al m\u00f3n vegetal, el s\u00f2l viu \u00e9s el suport d’un gran nombre d’esp\u00e8cies vegetals i d’una enorme diversitat de sistemes radiculars, el que condueix a la millora i formaci\u00f3 de complexes estructures agregacionals, i a una enorme complexitat metab\u00f2lica mantinguda per les xarxes tr\u00f2fiques, pr\u00f2pies de cada s\u00f2l, ja que, igual que l’intest\u00ed animal, el sistema radicular, est\u00e0 poblat i envoltat per una comunitat microbiana complexa coneguda com microbioma de l’arrel.<\/p>\n
A la rizosfera -capa de s\u00f2l de mil\u00b7l\u00edmetres de gruix que envolta \u00edntimament a l\u2019arrel-, les comunitats microbianes s\u00f3n diferents de les de la resta del bioma ed\u00e0fic. En aquest espai, el microbioma radicular exerceix un paper fonamental en la nutrici\u00f3 de la planta i en la defensa contra pat\u00f2gens ed\u00e0fics. I tot aix\u00f2 a canvi majorit\u00e0riament d’hidrats de carboni que la planta subministra a la seva biota ed\u00e0fica i que s\u00f3n produ\u00efts en la fotos\u00edntesi, i d’altres materials residuals productes de les transformacions cel\u00b7lulars que ocorren en la fisiologia radicular.<\/p>\n
Tal \u00e9s la import\u00e0ncia i l’especificitat de l’ecosistema rizosf\u00e8ric que alguns autors consideren que el microbioma arrel \u00e9s un “genoma secundari” que proporciona a les plantes hostatgeres alguns trets de la funcionalitat microbiana.<\/p>\n
El s\u00f2l de cultiu \u00e9s un sistema vivent que reflecteix la naturalesa agroambiental i la cosmovisi\u00f3 de cada territori<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Tornant al maneig agrari, la forma m\u00e9s sensata de vivificar el s\u00f2l \u00e9s a trav\u00e9s dels coneixements i les t\u00e8cniques que permeten optimitzar l’estabilitat de l’estructura i l’agregaci\u00f3; la quantitat i qualitat de l’aigua ed\u00e0fica, la pres\u00e8ncia i disponibilitat dels nutrients minerals i de les subst\u00e0ncies fitoactivadores, aix\u00ed com facilitar les sinergies produ\u00efdes entre la vida vegetal, macro i microorganismes, tradu\u00efdes en m\u00faltiples \u00abdi\u00e0legs\u00bb bioqu\u00edmics i en respostes d’adaptaci\u00f3 i millora productiva.<\/p>\n
En aquest context, el disseny de la finca amb bases ecosist\u00e8miques; les aportacions org\u00e0niques i minerals de qualitat; les cobertes permanents, les associacions i rotacions adequades en el temps i en l’espai, el no conreu o m\u00ednim conreu, l’\u00fas de la l\u00ednia clau, el maneig hol\u00edstic del bestiar, la incorporaci\u00f3 de l’arbrat, etc., s\u00f3n algunes pr\u00e0ctiques d’inter\u00e8s per vivificar el s\u00f2l que veurem en el proper article.<\/p>\n
Trobar\u00e0s la segona part d’aquest article al Bio Eco Actual Novembre 2018<\/strong><\/p>\nAutora:\u00a0<\/strong>Juana Labrador Moreno, Dra. En Biologia i professora d’Agroecologia a l’Escola d’Enginyeries Agr\u00e0ries de la Universitat d’Extremadura<\/p>\nBio Eco Actual<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
\nLlegir\u00a0Bio Eco Actual Octubre 2018<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Des d’un punt de vista més funcional que descriptiu, el sòl és un complex sistema altament organitzat, amb les seves pròpies lleis d’organització, en el qual interactuen minerals, vegetals, macro i microorganismes en cooperació, a més de gasos i aigua en diferents estats.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat"],"yoast_head":"\n
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![\"Vivificar](\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/PAG.29_SECCIO_AGRICULTURA_VIVIFICAR_EL_SO.jpg\")
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