{"id":25509,"date":"2019-03-19T06:31:39","date_gmt":"2019-03-19T04:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=25509"},"modified":"2019-03-19T06:31:39","modified_gmt":"2019-03-19T04:31:39","slug":"resistencia-als-antibiotics-ramaderia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/03\/19\/resistencia-als-antibiotics-ramaderia\/","title":{"rendered":"Resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics provocada per la ramaderia"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00e9s de 700.000 persones moren cada any a tot el m\u00f3n (30.000 d’elles a Europa) per infeccions provocades per bacteris que s’han fet resistents als medicaments espec\u00edficament creats per a combatre\u2019ls (antibi\u00f2tics). Si la tend\u00e8ncia es mant\u00e9 al ritme de l’\u00faltima d\u00e8cada, a mitjans d’aquest segle moriran per resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics uns 10 milions de persones a l’any, segons han advertit reiteradament l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut i la Comissi\u00f3 O’Neill creada pel govern del Regne Unit espec\u00edficament per estudiar aquest problema.<\/p>\n

\"Resistencia<\/p>\n

Els antibi\u00f2tics s\u00f3n medicaments utilitzats per prevenir i tractar les infeccions bacterianes. La resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics es produeix quan els bacteris muten en resposta a l’\u00fas d’aquests f\u00e0rmacs. Aix\u00ed, s’ha de recordar que s\u00f3n els bacteris -i no els \u00e9ssers humans ni els animals de granja-, els que es tornen resistents als antibi\u00f2tics.<\/p>\n

La causa principal de l’aparici\u00f3 de bacteris resistents (de vegades coneguts com superbacteris) \u00e9s que els humans -especialment, els habitants dels pa\u00efsos rics- fem un \u00fas incorrecte o exagerat dels antibi\u00f2tics (per exemple, l’automedicaci\u00f3) per tractar les nostres malalties .<\/p>\n

Un altre important motiu de la proliferaci\u00f3 de superbacteris est\u00e0 relacionat amb l’\u00fas igualment exagerat i inadequat d’antimicrobians en ramaderia i aq\u00fcicultura, especialment en les grans granges i piscifactories en qu\u00e8 s’utilitzen aquests medicaments per accelerar el creixement dels animals de forma fraudulenta o fins i tot per tractar animals sans amb el suposat objectiu de prevenir infeccions futures.<\/p>\n

“El volum d’antibi\u00f2tics utilitzats en animals segueix augmentant a tot el m\u00f3n a causa de la creixent demanda d’aliments d’origen animal, sovint produ\u00efts mitjan\u00e7ant ramaderia intensiva”, destacava el doctor Kazuaki Miyagishima<\/em>, director del Departament de Innocu\u00eftat dels Aliments i Zoonosi de l’Organitzaci\u00f3 Mundial de la Salut<\/strong>, coincidint amb la celebraci\u00f3 de la Setmana Mundial de Conscienciaci\u00f3 sobre els Antibi\u00f2tics<\/strong>, que es porta a terme des de fa set anys a principis del mes de novembre.<\/p>\n

L’Organitzaci\u00f3 de les Nacions Unides per a l’Agricultura i l’Alimentaci\u00f3 (FAO) ha aprofitat aquest any passat la setmana de conscienciaci\u00f3 sobre els antibi\u00f2tics per recordar que \u201cels agricultors tenen un paper clau per frenar la propagaci\u00f3 de la resist\u00e8ncia als antimicrobians entre els pat\u00f2gens que causen malalties, i poden realitzar una contribuci\u00f3 important, simplement adoptant bones pr\u00e0ctiques d’higiene en les activitats quotidianes en les seves explotacions\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuan fem servir els antimicrobians en les granges de forma excessiva, contribu\u00efm a la propagaci\u00f3 de la resist\u00e8ncia antimicrobiana, ja que els pat\u00f2gens resistents passen al medi ambient a trav\u00e9s dels residus animals i el vessament de l’explotaci\u00f3\u201d, va advertir Juan Lubroth<\/em>, Cap Veterinari de la FAO.<\/p>\n

La FAO calcula que en l’actualitat s’estan utilitzant en animals a tot el m\u00f3n 27 classes diferents d’antibi\u00f2tics i nom\u00e9s 89 pa\u00efsos tenen sistemes fiables per recopilar dades sobre l’\u00fas d’aquests medicaments en el bestiar. El diagn\u00f2stic de la FAO \u00e9s rotund: \u201cL’\u00fas responsable dels medicaments antimicrobians no \u00e9s nom\u00e9s un problema en el camp de la salut humana\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"resistencia<\/p>\n

La poblaci\u00f3 en general potser no conegui amb detall aquesta realitat per\u00f2 els antibi\u00f2tics s’estan utilitzant \u201c\u00e0mpliament en els animals dom\u00e8stics i en piscifactories, i fins i tot es polveritzen en cultius i horts fruiters per combatre infeccions que afecten els animals i plantes destinats a l’alimentaci\u00f3\u201d, denunciava la FAO en un informe dif\u00f3s el passat 14 de novembre des de la seva seu mundial a Roma.<\/p>\n

En concret, la pr\u00e0ctica m\u00e9s coneguda en ramaderia \u00e9s la incorporaci\u00f3 d’antibi\u00f2tics, \u201ca vegades de forma rutin\u00e0ria, als pinsos, fins i tot quan els animals ja estan sans, per intentar evitar infeccions i que els animals s’engreixin m\u00e9s r\u00e0pid\u201d, indicava la FAO.<\/p>\n

Davant la perillosa utilitzaci\u00f3 d’antibi\u00f2tics en ramaderia, els experts recomanen mesures sanit\u00e0ries alternatives i molt m\u00e9s racionals.<\/strong> D’una banda, la massificaci\u00f3 de les granges i l’acumulaci\u00f3 d’animals en recintes petits i insalubres s’han convertit en unes de les fonts principals de malalties per a aquests animals.<\/p>\n

En naus on conviuen milers de porcs, ovelles, pollastres o vaques sotmesos a estr\u00e8s i exposici\u00f3 a tota mena de residus \u00e9s relativament f\u00e0cil que una infecci\u00f3 es converteixi r\u00e0pidament en un brot epid\u00e8mic. La millora de les condicions de salubritat, la reducci\u00f3 dels caps de bestiar i la naturalitzaci\u00f3 dels espais en qu\u00e8 viuen aquests animals s\u00f3n algunes de les condicions imprescindibles per evitar que els antibi\u00f2tics mal administrats es converteixin en l’alternativa f\u00e0cil per mantenir en peu les explotacions ramaderes industrialitzades. Textualment, la FAO recomana als ramaders una cosa tan senzilla i l\u00f2gica com aquesta: \u201cMantingui als animals secs i c\u00f2modes amb molt d’espai; reduir l’estr\u00e8s animal redueix el seu risc d’infecci\u00f3; el mateix passa si els alimenta adequadament i s’assegura que tinguin aigua neta\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sembla mentida per\u00f2 en ple segle XXI, la FAO ha de recordar als ramaders la conveni\u00e8ncia de mantenir \u201cnet i sense deixalles el lloc on guardi els animals i les zones exteriors; netejar regularment el fem i el lloc on dorm el bestiar\u201d. \u201cSepareu els animals quan emmalalteixin per evitar la propagaci\u00f3 de la malaltia, i sol\u00b7liciti assessorament veterinari immediatament per obtenir el diagn\u00f2stic i el tractament adequats\u201d, indica l’Organitzaci\u00f3 de les Nacions Unides per a l’Agricultura i l’Alimentaci\u00f3 en l’\u00faltim punt del seu dec\u00e0leg per reduir el problema de la resist\u00e8ncia als antimicrobians. La salut dels animals de granja est\u00e0 en joc, i la dels humans tamb\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fonts d'informaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica:<\/strong>\r\nReview on Antimicrobial Resistence. Informe de la Comissi\u00f3 O'Neill https:\/\/amr-review.org\/<\/a>\r\nOMS. Resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2ticos, febrer de 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/resistencia-a-los-antibi%C3%B3ticos<\/a>\r\nFAO, P\u00e0gina en internet especialitzada en resist\u00e8ncia antimicrobiana. http:\/\/www.fao.org\/antimicrobial-resistance\/es\/<\/a><\/pre>\n
Autor:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Joaquim Elcacho<\/a>, \u00a0Periodista especialitzat en Medi Ambient i Ci\u00e8ncia<\/p>\n
Bio Eco Actual<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
\nLlegir\u00a0Bio Eco Actual\u00a0Mar\u00e7 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Més de 700.000 persones moren cada any a tot el món (30.000 d’elles a Europa) per infeccions provocades per bacteris que s’han fet resistents als medicaments específicament creats per a combatre’ls (antibiòtics). Si la tendència es manté al ritme de l’última dècada, a mitjans d’aquest segle moriran per resistència als antibiòtics uns 10 milions de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25506,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164,7160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat","category-medi-ambient"],"yoast_head":"\nResist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics provocada per la ramaderia - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Si la tend\u00e8ncia es mant\u00e9 al ritme de l'\u00faltima d\u00e8cada, a mitjans d'aquest segle moriran per resist\u00e8ncia als antibi\u00f2tics uns 10 milions de persones a l'any\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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