{"id":26208,"date":"2019-05-16T07:00:22","date_gmt":"2019-05-16T05:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=26208"},"modified":"2019-05-16T18:01:14","modified_gmt":"2019-05-16T16:01:14","slug":"ofegats-pel-plastic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/05\/16\/ofegats-pel-plastic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ofegats pel pl\u00e0stic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Imaginen oceans amb m\u00e9s pl\u00e0stics que peixos? Podrien ser una realitat per a l’any 2050 si no es redueix l’\u00fas del material i s’impulsa el seu reciclatge a escala global, segons adverteix la Comissi\u00f3 Europea.
\n<\/p>\n

\"Ahogados<\/p>\n

El pl\u00e0stic ens acompanya des dels anys 30 i 40 del segle passat<\/strong>. El seu \u00fas es va generalitzar durant les seg\u00fcents d\u00e8cades: la seva producci\u00f3 va passar de 1,5 milions de tones el 1950 a 322 milions de tones el 2015, segons dades de l’associaci\u00f3 PlasticsEurope<\/a>. S’estima que el 2020 se superaran els 500 milions de tones anuals, el que suposaria un 900% m\u00e9s que els nivells de 1980. Lidera la producci\u00f3 Xina, seguida d’Europa i Am\u00e8rica del Nord.<\/p>\n

Aquest derivat del petroli persisteix durant segles<\/strong> fins degradar-se i es dispersa f\u00e0cilment. Podem trobar pl\u00e0stic embrutant carrers, espais verds i ecosistemes aqu\u00e0tics a tot el m\u00f3n, que no es descompondr\u00e0 ni durant les vides dels n\u00e9ts de les persones que el van utilitzar.<\/p>\n

Els grups ecologistes porten anys alertant de l’impacte negatiu dels residus de pl\u00e0stic en el nostre entorn, sobretot dels que acaben en els mars: uns 13 milions de tones cada any. A l’aigua, poden quedar-se surant o enfonsar-se, i amb el pas del temps, sota la influ\u00e8ncia de la llum solar, l’acci\u00f3 de l’onatge i l’abrasi\u00f3, es descomponen lentament convertint-se en micropl\u00e0stics<\/strong> (fragments inferiors als 5 mil\u00b7l\u00edmetres).<\/p>\n

Espanya \u00e9s el segon pa\u00eds que m\u00e9s pl\u00e0stic aboca a la Mediterr\u00e0nia, nom\u00e9s per darrere de Turquia, i seguit per It\u00e0lia, Egipte i Fran\u00e7a<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

M\u00e9s d’un mili\u00f3 d’aus<\/strong> i cent mil mam\u00edfers marins i tortugues<\/strong> moren despr\u00e9s de topar amb el pl\u00e0stic a causa de la seva ingesti\u00f3 -els confonen amb menjar- o enredats en ell. Aquells que van sortejant la mort l\u2019 acumulen en els seus organismes, juntament amb contaminants org\u00e0nics com plaguicides o bisfenol A: el 90% dels peixos capturats al Pac\u00edfic tenen pl\u00e0stic a l’est\u00f3mac, segons revelen els treballs de la Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Aix\u00ed, el pl\u00e0stic entra a la cadena aliment\u00e0ria i torna a les nostres cases amagat a l’interior dels peixos, en l’aigua i en l’aire.<\/p>\n

Hi ha identificades cinc zones amb una alta concentraci\u00f3 de pl\u00e0stics, conegudes com “sopes”<\/strong> o “illes” de pl\u00e0stics<\/strong>: una a l’Oce\u00e0 \u00cdndic, dues a l’Atl\u00e0ntic (Nord i Sud) i dues m\u00e9s al Pac\u00edfic (Nord i Sud), tal com detalla Greenpeace. Per\u00f2 el material tamb\u00e9 s’acumula en regions amb elevades poblacions costaneres, sistemes de gesti\u00f3 de residus inadequats i deficients, pesqueries intensives i turisme de masses. Com en el Mar Mediterrani.<\/p>\n

L’informe Un parany de pl\u00e0stic. Alliberant la Mediterr\u00e0nia de pl\u00e0stic<\/em><\/strong> publicat<\/a> per l’organitzaci\u00f3 WWF al juny de 2018, revela que els micropl\u00e0stics han assolit nivells r\u00e8cord de concentraci\u00f3 al Mare Nostrum, que acull el 7% dels micropl\u00e0stics de tot el planeta, tot i que nom\u00e9s representa l’1 % de l’aigua mundial. Concretament, 1,25 milions de fragments s’acumulen a cada quil\u00f2metre, gaireb\u00e9 quatre vegades la quantitat de la “illa” de pl\u00e0stic de l’Oce\u00e0 Pac\u00edfic.<\/p>\n

\"Ahogados<\/p>\n

Espanya<\/strong> \u00e9s el segon pa\u00eds que m\u00e9s pl\u00e0stic aboca a la Mediterr\u00e0nia, nom\u00e9s per darrere de Turquia, i seguit per It\u00e0lia, Egipte i Fran\u00e7a, un grup de pa\u00efsos on el turisme causa un augment del 40% de les escombraries marines cada estiu. “Si segueix empitjorant, aquest problema amena\u00e7ar\u00e0 la reputaci\u00f3 mundial que el Mediterrani t\u00e9 pel turisme i la pesca, afeblint a les comunitats locals que depenen d’aquests sectors per sobreviure”, afirma el secretari general de WWF Espanya, Juan Carlos del Olmo.<\/p>\n

Per revertir la situaci\u00f3, els ecologistes demanen a la comunitat internacional que adopti un acord internacional i vinculant<\/strong> per eliminar l’abocament de pl\u00e0stics als mars i objectius nacionals per aconseguir el 100% de pl\u00e0stics reciclats i reutilitzables per a 2030 -actualment, a Europa, nom\u00e9s es reciclen el 30% dels residus de pl\u00e0stic i el 6% del pl\u00e0stic que hi ha al mercat s’ha elaborat amb materials reciclats-.<\/p>\n

Alguns governs ja han comen\u00e7at a posar fil a l\u2019agulla. La Comissi\u00f3 Europea<\/strong> ha llan\u00e7at una ambiciosa proposta amb la qual pret\u00e9n que tots els envasos de pl\u00e0stic siguin reciclables o reutilitzables abans de 2030, que es redueixi el consum de pl\u00e0stics d’un sol \u00fas i que es restringeixi la utilitzaci\u00f3 deliberada de micropl\u00e0stics (presents sobretot en productes de cosm\u00e8tica i cura personal).<\/p>\n

La Comissi\u00f3 Europea ha llan\u00e7at una ambiciosa proposta amb la qual pret\u00e9n que tots els envasos de pl\u00e0stic siguin reciclables o reutilitzables abans de 2030<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La Comissi\u00f3 pret\u00e9n acabar amb el pl\u00e0stic d’un \u00fanic \u00fas sempre que hi hagi alternatives assequibles. Despr\u00e9s d’haver limitat l’\u00fas de les bosses de pl\u00e0stic el 2015, ara se centra en altres deu productes de pl\u00e0stic d’un sol \u00fas que es troben amb m\u00e9s freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia en les platges i mars d’Europa -com coberts, plats, palletes i bastonets de cot\u00f3-, aix\u00ed com en els arts de pesca perduts i abandonats. Aquests productes representen el 70% de tots els residus marins. La iniciativa ha de passar ara pel Parlament Europeu i el Consell per a la seva adopci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

“Per mitj\u00e0 de la transformaci\u00f3 de la manera en qu\u00e8 es dissenyen, produeixen, utilitzen i reciclen els productes pl\u00e0stics, Europa encap\u00e7alar\u00e0 la soluci\u00f3 al problema dels residus pl\u00e0stics, creant al mateix temps nous llocs de treball i oportunitats d’inversi\u00f3”, detallen en un comunicat.<\/p>\n

Alguns enginyosos ciutadans<\/strong> ja treballen per disminuir la quantitat de residus pl\u00e0stics. El projecte Precious Plastic, posat en marxa pel dissenyador Dave Hakkens, ajuda a qualsevol persona a muntar el seu propi taller casol\u00e0 de reciclatge de pl\u00e0stic amb pl\u00e0nols i v\u00eddeos tutorials. A Panam\u00e0, a l’illa Col\u00f3n, el canadenc Robert Bezeau ha creat un poble amb ampolles de pl\u00e0stic utilitzades. I Boyan Slat, fundador de The Ocean Cleanup, ha desenvolupat un sistema de neteja oce\u00e0nica mitjan\u00e7ant una xarxa de barreres flotants. Despr\u00e9s de cinc anys de treball, el setembre passat el va instal\u00b7lar a la badia de San Francisco. Per no haver d’arribar fins aqu\u00ed, molts altres opten per reduir l’\u00fas excessiu del material.<\/p>\n

Autora:\u00a0<\/strong>Cristina Fern\u00e1ndez, Periodista & Blogger |\u00a0www.paladarvegano.blog<\/a> | crisfersan@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Bio Eco Actual<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
\nLlegir\u00a0Bio Eco Actual Maig 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Imaginen oceans amb més plàstics que peixos? Podrien ser una realitat per a l’any 2050 si no es redueix l’ús del material i s’impulsa el seu reciclatge a escala global, segons adverteix la Comissió Europea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":26199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7164,7160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualitat","category-medi-ambient"],"yoast_head":"\nOfegats pel pl\u00e0stic - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El pl\u00e0stic persisteix durant segles fins degradar-se al nostre entorn, es dispersa f\u00e0cilment i contamina sobretot els mars\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/05\/16\/ofegats-pel-plastic\/\" 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