{"id":26617,"date":"2019-06-06T08:30:09","date_gmt":"2019-06-06T06:30:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=26617"},"modified":"2019-06-06T08:24:30","modified_gmt":"2019-06-06T06:24:30","slug":"no-a-les-patents-sobre-llavors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/06\/06\/no-a-les-patents-sobre-llavors\/","title":{"rendered":"No a les patents sobre llavors!"},"content":{"rendered":"

El caos legal sobre la patentabilitat de plantes i animals continua. S\u2019ha concedit patent sobre salm\u00f3: recolzem l\u2019oposici\u00f3! Digues no a les patents sobre llavors<\/strong>!<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\u00a1No<\/p>\n

El caos legal segueix prevalent a l\u2019Oficina Europea de Patents (EPO). Seguint els textos legals pertinents (la Convenci\u00f3 Europea de Patents de l’EPO i la Directiva sobre Biotecnologia de la UE 98\/44), les plantes i els animals de reproducci\u00f3 convencionals, \u00e9s a dir, no derivats de l’enginyeria gen\u00e8tica, haurien d’excloure’s de la patentabilitat. El juny de 2017, sota la pressi\u00f3 de la Comissi\u00f3 de la UE, el Consell d\u2019Administraci\u00f3, que inclou 38 estats contractants, va refor\u00e7ar l\u2019afirmaci\u00f3 que no s\u2019haurien de patentar plantes i animals convencionals. Per\u00f2 la decisi\u00f3 era legalment plena de llacunes i va ser invalidada el desembre de 2018 per la junta d\u2019 apel\u00b7laci\u00f3 de l’EPO. Per tant, es tem que les patents de cria convencionals es donin en un nombre molt m\u00e9s gran en el futur. Nom\u00e9s el 2018, l’EPO va concedir al voltant d’una dotzena de patents de melons, cogombres, cebes i altres verdures que es conreaven convencionalment.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que No Patents On Seeds!<\/strong> va liderar desenes d\u2019organitzacions a protestar davant l\u2019EPO a Munic el 27 de mar\u00e7 de 2019, quan el Consell d\u2019Administraci\u00f3 de l\u2019EPO es va reunir per discutir la patentabilitat de les plantes. Els manifestants van criticar no nom\u00e9s la pr\u00e0ctica de patents de l’EPO, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 els problemes estructurals. “L’EPO est\u00e0 totalment estructurada per servir els interessos dels advocats de la ind\u00fastria i de les patents. Els interessos d\u2019un p\u00fablic m\u00e9s ampli s\u2019ignoren en la seva majoria\u201d, diu Johanna Eckhardt<\/strong> de No Patents On Seeds!<\/strong> “Mitjan\u00e7ant la introducci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s llacunes, la decisi\u00f3 pol\u00edtica i les prohibicions legals s\u00f3n eludides. Si el Consell d\u2019Administraci\u00f3 no aconsegueix aplicar efica\u00e7ment les prohibicions existents, cal modificar la pr\u00f2pia llei\u201d.<\/p>\n

No Patents On Seeds! demana als pol\u00edtics responsabilitat i la modificaci\u00f3 de la llei, si cal<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Com a resultat, el President de l’EPO va suspendre alguns procediments al mar\u00e7 del 2019, per\u00f2 sembla que aquesta directiva no afecta de cap manera tots els casos rellevants. Al mateix temps, el president de l’EPO va apel\u00b7lar al seu m\u00e0xim \u00f2rgan judicial, l’anomenada Enlarged Board of Appeal<\/em> (Junta d\u2019Apel\u00b7laci\u00f3 Ampliada), i va formular preguntes per a la seva decisi\u00f3. No se sap en absolut quan i com la Junta es pronunciar\u00e0 sobre aquest tema. No Patents On Seeds!<\/strong> demana als pol\u00edtics responsabilitat i la modificaci\u00f3 de la llei, si cal. En el futur, hauria de ser impossible que es concedissin patents a plantes i animals convencionals.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2, de moment, l’EPO est\u00e0 concedint patents a les plantes de cria convencional, com ara els tom\u00e0quets, el br\u00f2quil, la soja, l’enciam, els melons, el pebrot o l’ordi. A principis del 2019, l\u2019organitzaci\u00f3 va presentar una oposici\u00f3 contra una patent d\u2019una reproducci\u00f3 convencional: es va concedir a l\u2019holandesa Rijk Zwaan Zaadteelt una patent sobre l\u2019enciam que germina a una temperatura m\u00e9s alta (EP 2 966 992). A la patent, la companyia reclama llavors d’enciam, plantes i la collita d’enciams que creixen en un clima m\u00e9s calent. La caracter\u00edstica, que tamb\u00e9 es coneix de les esp\u00e8cies d’enciam silvestre, \u00e9s \u00fatil per adaptar-se al canvi clim\u00e0tic en curs.<\/p>\n

Les patents sobre llavors poden posar en perill la seguretat aliment\u00e0ria<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

“Les patents sobre llavors poden posar en perill la seguretat aliment\u00e0ria. Aquestes patents poden bloquejar l\u2019acc\u00e9s a la diversitat biol\u00f2gica que tots els criadors necessiten per desenvolupar noves i fins i tot millors varietats. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s especialment problem\u00e0tic en \u00e8poques de canvi clim\u00e0tic en curs\u201d, afirma Christoph Then<\/em><\/strong> de No Patents On Seeds! <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"No<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2 no nom\u00e9s les patents de les plantes s\u00f3n un problema. Quan el Consell d\u2019Administraci\u00f3 de l\u2019EPO es reuneixi el 26 de juny de 2019, es presentar\u00e0 una oposici\u00f3 contra una patent sobre el salm\u00f3. Es pot donar suport a l’oposici\u00f3 signant a trav\u00e9s de\u00a0www.no-patents-on-seeds.org<\/a>.<\/p>\n

L’EPO ha concedit una patent (EP1965658) per al salm\u00f3 alimentat amb determinades plantes. El pinso estava patentat, el manteniment del peix i la seva alimentaci\u00f3, el peix en si, aix\u00ed com l\u2019oli de peix. Els peixos s\u2019alimenten de plantes convencionals o modificades gen\u00e8ticament. Es diu que els aliments derivats d\u2019aquest salm\u00f3 tenen un contingut m\u00e9s gran d\u2019\u00e0cids grassos omega-3. Aquests \u00e0cids grassos sovint es referencien com a beneficiosos per a la salut. Aquesta idea no \u00e9s gens nova: se sap, per exemple, que la llet de les vaques que es mantenen en pastura t\u00e9 un contingut m\u00e9s gran d\u2019aquests \u00e0cids grassos.<\/p>\n

\"No<\/a><\/p>\n

La patent ja havia donat lloc a protestes p\u00fabliques el 2016, quan l’EPO va anunciar per primera vegada la concessi\u00f3 de la patent. En aquest moment, l’Oficina de Patents va rebre centenars de cartes de protesta i l’EPO va aturar el proc\u00e9s de concessi\u00f3. Per\u00f2 a l’octubre del 2018, la patent va ser concedida. A criteri de No Patents On Seeds! <\/strong>la patent infringeix la prohibici\u00f3 de patents sobre plantes i animals procedents de la cria convencional.<\/p>\n

Quan els animals es converteixen en un invent perqu\u00e8 mengen certs pinsos, aviat es patentaran vaques i porcs, que es mantenen en pastura. Aquestes patents poden afectar molt directament l\u2019agricultura. Aleshores, no es permetr\u00e0 als agricultors munyir la vaca sense el perm\u00eds del titular, ni sacrificar un porc ni vendre un ou de gallina.<\/p>\n

En el futur, hauria de ser impossible que es concedissin patents a plantes i animals convencionals<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La producci\u00f3 de llavors i aliments en general cau cada vegada m\u00e9s a mans d\u2019una m\u00e0 plena de grans corporacions, que poden cobrar llic\u00e8ncies o bloquejar l\u2019acc\u00e9s al material de reproducci\u00f3 segons els seus interessos comercials. D’aquesta manera, en definitiva, els fonaments de la nutrici\u00f3 podrien ser monopolitzats per grans gegants de llavors com Bayer, Syngenta o DowDuPont. No Patents On Seeds! <\/strong>tamb\u00e9 advoca per \u00a0una major transpar\u00e8ncia. A m\u00e9s de la ind\u00fastria, els representants de les organitzacions de la societat civil tamb\u00e9 haurien de poder participar en les reunions decisives del Consell d\u2019Administraci\u00f3 de l\u2019EPO en el futur. Aix\u00f2 requereix una reforma fonamental de l’EPO i les seves estructures.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre la base legal, els casos de patents i l\u2019informe 2019: <\/strong>no-patents-on-seeds.org\/en<\/a><\/p>\n

Actualitzacions a<\/strong>\u00a0twitter.com\/NoPatentsOnSeed<\/a> y facebook.com\/nopatentsonseed<\/a><\/p>\n

Autora:<\/strong> Johanna Eckhardt, Coordinadora Junior, No Patents On Seeds!<\/p>\n

Bio Eco Actual<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
\nLlegir\u00a0Bio Eco Actual Juny 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El caos legal sobre la patentabilitat de plantes i animals continua. S’ha concedit patent sobre salmó: recolzem l’oposició! Digues no a les patents sobre llavors!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":26583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat"],"yoast_head":"\nNo a les patents sobre llavors! - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El caos legal sobre la patentabilitat de plantes i animals continua. 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