{"id":27743,"date":"2019-09-27T10:45:50","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T08:45:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=27743"},"modified":"2019-09-26T11:51:01","modified_gmt":"2019-09-26T09:51:01","slug":"els-medicaments-humans-que-contaminen-el-medi-mari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/09\/27\/els-medicaments-humans-que-contaminen-el-medi-mari\/","title":{"rendered":"Els medicaments humans que contaminen el medi mar\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les societats que ens auto-denominem avan\u00e7ades ens hem convertit en addictes al consum de tot tipus de productes qu\u00edmics sint\u00e8tics<\/strong>, \u00e9s a dir, subst\u00e0ncies que no existeixen en la naturalesa. Molts d’aquests productes poden ajudar-nos a lluitar contra malalties per\u00f2 el seu \u00fas massiu i indiscriminat provoca problemes tant o m\u00e9s greus que els que s’intenta solucionar.\u00a0Un dels efectes secundaris d’aquesta societat medicalitzada \u00e9s la contaminaci\u00f3 del medi mar\u00ed: les aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies, rius i mars<\/strong>; i amb aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 la contaminaci\u00f3 de plantes i animals<\/strong>, alguns dels quals haurien de servir d’aliment.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Los<\/p>\n

Un recent estudi internacional<\/strong> dut a terme amb participaci\u00f3 d’experts del departament de Qu\u00edmica Anal\u00edtica de la Universitat del Pa\u00eds Basc (UPV \/ EHU) ens mostra l’abast d’aquest problema a trav\u00e9s de la detecci\u00f3 en aigua i peixos de productes tan dispars com antidepressius, antibi\u00f2tics i filtres solars (procedents tots ells de medicaments i cremes).<\/p>\n

Els resultats d’aquesta investigaci\u00f3, publicats el mes d’abril d’aquest any a la revista Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry<\/em>, s\u00f3n especialment interessants perqu\u00e8 a m\u00e9s d’exposar dades tan preocupants com la capacitat de bioacumulaci\u00f3 en peixos de l’antidepressiu amitriptilina, l’antibi\u00f2tic ciprofloxacin i el filtre ultraviolat oxibenzona, detallen nous m\u00e8todes per analitzar i tractar de resoldre aquest tipus de problemes (encara que nom\u00e9s sigui amb la instal\u00b7laci\u00f3 de filtres m\u00e9s potents en les estacions depuradores d’aig\u00fces residuals).<\/p>\n

Entre les subst\u00e0ncies detectades m\u00e9s comuns es troba l’antibi\u00f2tic ciprofloxacina, que ha arribat a nivells que poden causar “efectes ecol\u00f2gics perjudicials”.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En els \u00faltims anys s’han realitzat nombrosos estudis sobre pres\u00e8ncia de productes qu\u00edmics en el medi aqu\u00e0tic i animals com els peixos per\u00f2 en poques ocasions s’havia analitzat -com ara han fet els experts de la UPV \/ EHU- la manera en qu\u00e8 s’acumulen, distribueixen, metabolitzen i eliminen els f\u00e0rmacs i productes de cura personal en els teixits i secrecions biol\u00f2giques d’aquests organismes.<\/p>\n

“La manca de coneixement al voltant de la transformaci\u00f3 i la biodegradaci\u00f3 dels f\u00e0rmacs i dels productes de cura personal pot portar a infravalorar els veritables efectes de l’exposici\u00f3 dels peixos a aquests contaminants<\/strong>“, explicava la investigadora Haizea Ziarrusta Intxaurtza (de la UPV \/ EHU) en una declaracions difoses per l’ag\u00e8ncia SINC. L’estudi mostra que amitriptilina, ciprofloxacin i oxibenzona poden acumular-se en els peixos i produir efectes secundaris negatius en el plasma, el cervell i el fetge, interferint en el seu metabolisme.<\/p>\n

El treball de laboratori es va dur a terme amb daurades a l’Estaci\u00f3 Marina de Plentzia. Els experts recorden que el consum d’aquest tipus de productes farmacol\u00f2gics i de cosm\u00e8tica est\u00e0 augmentant i que les depuradores d’aig\u00fces residuals no estan preparades per eliminar aquestes subst\u00e0ncies i els seus metab\u00f2lits (derivats que es formen despr\u00e9s del consum en humans), pel que poden arribar a rius, mars i animals marins de consum hum\u00e0 com les daurades de piscifactoria.<\/p>\n

\"Los<\/p>\n

Un estudi paral\u00b7lel presentat el passat hivern per experts en ci\u00e8ncies ambientals de la Universitat de Radboud (Pa\u00efsos Baixos) recordava que en els \u00faltims 20 anys les concentracions de productes farmac\u00e8utics han augmentat en les fonts d’aigua dol\u00e7a a pr\u00e0cticament tot el m\u00f3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Entre les subst\u00e0ncies detectades m\u00e9s comuns es troba l’antibi\u00f2tic ciprofloxacina<\/strong>, que ha arribat a nivells que poden causar “efectes ecol\u00f2gics perjudicials”, segons els resultats publicats el passat mes de febrer a la revista Environmental Research Letters.<\/em><\/p>\n

Els cient\u00edfics, liderats pel doctor Rik Oldenkamp, \u200b\u200bvan desenvolupar un nou model per a realitzar mesuraments d’alta resoluci\u00f3 d’aquest tipus de productes, que gen\u00e8ricament es coneixen com a “contaminants emergents<\/strong>“. En els dos productes farmac\u00e8utics investigats en l’estudi, la carbamazepina (medicament antiepil\u00e8ptic) i la ciprofloxacina (antibi\u00f2tic), es va trobar que els riscos ambientals eren d’entre 10 a 20 vegades m\u00e9s alts el 2015 que el 1995. “Les concentracions d’aquest antibi\u00f2tic poden ser perjudicials per als bacteris en l’aigua, i aquests bacteris al seu torn tenen un paper important en diversos cicles de nutrients. Els antibi\u00f2tics tamb\u00e9 poden tenir un impacte negatiu en l’efectivitat de les col\u00f2nies de bacteris utilitzades en el tractament d’aig\u00fces residuals” , explicava el professor Oldenkamp en la presentaci\u00f3 dels seus resultats.<\/p>\n

Els efectes poden ser inesperats i acumulatius degut a que es registren diverses combinacions de productes potencialment t\u00f2xics per al medi ambient.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En aquesta mateixa l\u00ednia d’investigaci\u00f3, un estudi publicat al juny de 2018 detallava que les restes de productes qu\u00edmics com fungicides o antidepressius, que arriben als rius per abocaments contaminants i efluents de les depuradores d’aig\u00fces residuals, alteren la forma en qu\u00e8 neden i s’alimenten alguns organismes aqu\u00e0tics<\/strong>. Aquest treball liderat per experts de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) en col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 amb la Universitat de Portsmouth (Regne Unit) i que publicava la revista Environmental Pollution<\/em>, tamb\u00e9 destacava que els efectes poden ser inesperats i acumulatius degut a \u00a0que es registren diverses combinacions de productes potencialment t\u00f2xics per al medi ambient. Aquesta investigaci\u00f3 subratlla la necessitat de considerar tant les dosis baixes com les proves de toxicitat combinada en l’avaluaci\u00f3 del risc qu\u00edmic dels productes que arriben als ecosistemes aqu\u00e0tics.<\/p>\n

Un quart estudi, en aquest cas d’experts de l’Institut Catal\u00e0 de Recerca de l’Aigua (ICRA), amb seu a Girona, ha determinat que Espanya \u00e9s un dels pa\u00efsos amb major \u00edndex de contaminants que afecten la salut en peixos i mariscs<\/strong>.\u00a0Els resultats van indicar que Espanya era el pa\u00eds amb una major exposici\u00f3 a disruptors endocrins com el bisfenol A (BPA), seguit de Portugal, It\u00e0lia, Irlanda i B\u00e8lgica, degut principalment a l’alt consum de peix i marisc.<\/p>\n

Autor:\u00a0<\/strong>Joaquim Elcacho, Periodista especialitzat en Medi Ambient i Ci\u00e8ncia<\/p>\n

Bio Eco Actual<\/em><\/strong>,\u00a0el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
\nLlegir\u00a0Bio Eco Actual Setembre 2019<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les societats que ens auto-denominem avançades ens hem convertit en addictes al consum de tot tipus de productes químics sintètics, és a dir, substàncies que no existeixen en la naturalesa. Molts d’aquests productes poden ajudar-nos a lluitar contra malalties però el seu ús massiu i indiscriminat provoca problemes tant o més greus que els que […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":27739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164,7160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat","category-medi-ambient"],"yoast_head":"\nEls medicaments humans que contaminen el medi mar\u00ed - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un dels efectes secundaris d'aquesta societat medicalitzada \u00e9s la contaminaci\u00f3 del medi mar\u00ed: i amb aix\u00f2 tamb\u00e9 la contaminaci\u00f3 de plantes i animals.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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