{"id":29232,"date":"2019-12-04T10:58:22","date_gmt":"2019-12-04T08:58:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=29232"},"modified":"2019-12-04T13:27:10","modified_gmt":"2019-12-04T11:27:10","slug":"estrategies-efectives-per-minimitzar-els-residus-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/12\/04\/estrategies-efectives-per-minimitzar-els-residus-plastics\/","title":{"rendered":"Estrat\u00e8gies efectives per minimitzar els residus pl\u00e0stics"},"content":{"rendered":"

El pl\u00e0stic<\/strong> \u00e9s un dels materials que m\u00e9s i millor ha perm\u00e8s el desenvolupament de la societat moderna. Amb ell s’han aconseguit la transformaci\u00f3 industrial i un desenvolupament tecnol\u00f2gic que eren impossibles i inabastables abans de la seva invenci\u00f3. Per\u00f2 ara \u00e9s imprescindible minimitzar els residus pl\u00e0stics.<\/p>\n

\"Estrategias<\/p>\n

La ind\u00fastria del pl\u00e0stic<\/strong> s’inicia en les albors del segle XX amb el desenvolupament dels primers pl\u00e0stics termostables per Baekeland, all\u00e0 per l’any 1909. I des d’aquest instant el pl\u00e0stic s’ha convertit en un material important per a la nostra economia i omnipresent a la nostra vida quotidiana. Un material vers\u00e0til que t\u00e9 m\u00faltiples funcions i permet abordar els reptes a qu\u00e8 s’enfronta la nostra societat. S\u00f3n indispensables en tots els sectors econ\u00f2mics, en els mitjans de transport, com a b\u00e9ns de consum, en l’alimentaci\u00f3, formant part dels envasos que permeten a\u00efllar el menjar i garantir la seguretat aliment\u00e0ria, i en medicina, on s’utilitzen materials pl\u00e0stics biocompatibles que permeten salvar vides.<\/p>\n

A Europa es generen 25,8 milions de tones de residus pl\u00e0stics cada any<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

La ind\u00fastria del pl\u00e0stic<\/strong> a la UE d\u00f3na feina a 1,5 milions de persones i genera una facturaci\u00f3 de 350.000 milions d’euros. El 2020 s’espera que arribi als 560.000 milions d’euros a nivell global. Un sector en imparable expansi\u00f3 que el 2015 va fabricar 322 milions de tones de pl\u00e0stic, en la seva immensa majoria productes d’un sol \u00fas que s\u00f3n retirats immediatament per produir-los de nou, amb el conseg\u00fcent increment dels beneficis econ\u00f2mics. Un enfocament empresarial no circular la conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia directa del qual \u00e9s produir immenses quantitats de residus que danyen la salut de les persones i creen problemes en el medi ambient que els rep.<\/p>\n

A Europa es generen 25,8 milions de tones de residus pl\u00e0stics cada any. \u00danicament el 30% d’aquests residus es recull a Europa per al seu reciclatge o s’envien a tercers pa\u00efsos perqu\u00e8 el portin a terme. El reciclatge continua sent minoritari, ja que la demanda de pl\u00e0stics reciclats representa al voltant del 6% de la demanda de pl\u00e0stics a Europa. La resta dels residus pl\u00e0stics generats, el 70%, acaben la seva vida en abocadors o com a mat\u00e8ria primera en processos d’incineraci\u00f3. Allargar la vida \u00fatil dels productes pl\u00e0stics \u00e9s imprescindible per assolir la sostenibilitat d’aquests materials, una tasca complexa que requereix la cooperaci\u00f3 dels productors, distribu\u00efdors, minoristes i consumidors.<\/p>\n

\"Estrategias<\/p>\n

A Europa s’ha comen\u00e7at a prendre decisions per eliminar els pl\u00e0stics d’un sol \u00fas<\/h3>\n

La Comissi\u00f3 Europea<\/a> ha presentat una proposta que t\u00e9 com a objectiu eliminar aquest tipus de pl\u00e0stics, buscant per a aix\u00f2 desenvolupar alternatives m\u00e9s sostenibles. Tamb\u00e9 pret\u00e9n que els fabricants de pl\u00e0stics d’un sol \u00fas siguin corresponsables i ajudin a sufragar part de les despeses de la gesti\u00f3 i neteja que els seus residus generen.<\/p>\n

Alternatives sostenibles als pl\u00e0stics tradicionals existeixen. Es produeixen pl\u00e0stics la base dels quals s\u00f3n altres mat\u00e8ries primeres diferents al petroli, com els pl\u00e0stics de base biol\u00f2gica o els pl\u00e0stics produ\u00efts a partir de di\u00f2xid de carboni o met\u00e0. Aquests materials ofereixen les mateixes caracter\u00edstiques i funcions, per\u00f2 no comporten els severs impactes ambientals que la fabricaci\u00f3 tradicional t\u00e9. Una forma intel\u00b7ligent i innovadora d’eliminar els residus \u00e9s tornar-los a convertir en petroli que al seu torn pugui ser utilitzat. \u00c9s un proc\u00e9s tremendament eficient i econ\u00f2micament viable, un quilogram de pl\u00e0stic produeix aproximadament un litre de petroli, que permet abordar el problema dels residus pl\u00e0stics mitjan\u00e7ant un enfocament rendible i crea de nou mat\u00e8ria primera.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s imprescindible intensificar el reciclatge i desenvolupar t\u00e8cniques que permetin millorar la seva qualitat<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L’assignatura pendent que ha d’aconseguir la nostra societat \u00e9s arribar a taxes de reciclatge del 100%<\/h3>\n

\u00c9s imprescindible intensificar el reciclatge i desenvolupar t\u00e8cniques que permetin millorar la seva qualitat. S’ha de canviar el model productiu de manera que es garanteixi l’abs\u00e8ncia total d’aquests residus en el medi ambient, aconseguint importants beneficis ambientals i econ\u00f2mics. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu tan ambici\u00f3s cal millorar la forma en qu\u00e8 els pl\u00e0stics i els seus articles s\u00f3n dissenyats, produ\u00efts, usats i gestionats al llarg de tota la seva vida \u00fatil. Les accions concretes que s’han d’emprendre per aconseguir-ho necessiten de la millora del disseny dels productes que els facin m\u00e9s reciclables, integrar en la seva producci\u00f3 m\u00e9s percentatge de pl\u00e0stics reciclats, i recollir, classificar i tractar correctament els residus pl\u00e0stics. Tot aix\u00f2 garantir\u00e0 mat\u00e8ria de qualitat per a la ind\u00fastria del pl\u00e0stic. Per aconseguir l’objectiu \u00e9s necessari ampliar i modernitzar la ind\u00fastria de classificaci\u00f3, de manera que permeti major capacitat de reciclatge, i crear mercats viables per als pl\u00e0stics reciclats i els pl\u00e0stics renovables.<\/p>\n

Es tracta de donar pas al desenvolupament d’una economia circular del pl\u00e0stic<\/h3>\n

I tot seran guanys. Obtindrem pl\u00e0stics exactament igual de funcionals que els aconseguits directament del petroli, per\u00f2 amb la difer\u00e8ncia que tindran un impacte ambiental infinitament menor. L’adopci\u00f3 d’aquest model sostenible ajudar\u00e0 a disminuir la nostra depend\u00e8ncia dels combustibles f\u00f2ssils. El desenvolupament tecnol\u00f2gic en el sector ja permet eliminar pl\u00e0stic de forma compatible amb el medi ambient, i les pol\u00edtiques globals que s’estan implementant tenen com a finalitat assegurar que les empreses rendeixin comptes per les deixalles de pl\u00e0stics que van inclosos en gaireb\u00e9 tots els productes. Per moltes noves tecnologies d’eliminaci\u00f3 que aconseguim desenvolupar, sempre \u00e9s m\u00e9s \u00fatil i econ\u00f2mic evitar la producci\u00f3 d’elements pl\u00e0stics la vida \u00fatil dels quals \u00e9s tan curta que es converteixen en un residu just despr\u00e9s d\u2019usar-los.<\/p>\n

Autor:<\/strong> Ra\u00fal Mart\u00ednez, Dietista-nutricionista, bi\u00f2leg.<\/p>\n

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El plàstic és un dels materials que més i millor ha permès el desenvolupament de la societat moderna. Amb ell s’han aconseguit la transformació industrial i un desenvolupament tecnològic que eren impossibles i inabastables abans de la seva invenció. Però ara és imprescindible minimitzar els residus plàstics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":29226,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7166,7162],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-nutricio","category-reciclatge"],"yoast_head":"\nEstrat\u00e8gies efectives per minimitzar els residus pl\u00e0stics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Europa es generen 25,8 milions de tones de residus pl\u00e0stics cada any. \u00c9s imprescindible minimitzar els residus pl\u00e0stics i intensificar el seu reciclatge.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/12\/04\/estrategies-efectives-per-minimitzar-els-residus-plastics\/\" 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