{"id":29385,"date":"2019-12-11T09:00:20","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T07:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=29385"},"modified":"2019-12-10T20:20:31","modified_gmt":"2019-12-10T18:20:31","slug":"la-contaminacio-que-ens-arriba-dels-transgenics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2019\/12\/11\/la-contaminacio-que-ens-arriba-dels-transgenics\/","title":{"rendered":"La contaminaci\u00f3 que ens arriba dels transg\u00e8nics"},"content":{"rendered":"

La coexist\u00e8ncia entre cultius transg\u00e8nics i no transg\u00e8nics <\/strong>\u00e9s molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil del que es creia, i perjudica especialment els agricultors ecol\u00f2gics.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"La<\/p>\n

La pol\u00b7linitzaci\u00f3 natural<\/strong> de les plantes es produeix per la transfer\u00e8ncia o intercanvi del pol\u00b7len de les flors, segons ens explicaven els llibres de biologia d’educaci\u00f3 prim\u00e0ria. La pol\u00b7linitzaci\u00f3 creuada<\/strong>, m\u00e9s en concret, \u00e9s el transport del pol\u00b7len d’una planta a una altra en esp\u00e8cies en qu\u00e8 les flors de sexes mascul\u00ed i femen\u00ed no es troben separades.
\nA la natura, aquest proc\u00e9s es produeix principalment per l’acci\u00f3 dels insectes pol\u00b7linitzadors i el vent, i pot ser determinant en la qualitat i quantitat dels cultius.<\/p>\n

Amb l’aparici\u00f3 dels vegetals transg\u00e8nics (organismes gen\u00e8ticament modificats, OGM) la pol\u00b7linitzaci\u00f3 creuada ha pres un nou cam\u00ed ja que el pol\u00b7len de les noves varietats pot arribar a les plantes convencionals (o naturals) i modificar la seva gen\u00e8tica. A m\u00e9s de la pol\u00b7linitzaci\u00f3 creuada durant el cultiu, hi ha moltes altres etapes de la cadena aliment\u00e0ria en la qual es pot produir contaminaci\u00f3 procedent d’organismes transg\u00e8nics, des del transport i l’emmagatzematge de grans fins a les etapes de processat.<\/p>\n

Els primers cultius transg\u00e8nics van ser autoritzats a Espanya el 1998<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Alguns experts consideren que en la fase de cultius es poden posar en pr\u00e0ctica mesures de control i a\u00efllament per evitar aquest fenomen conegut tamb\u00e9 com a transfer\u00e8ncia gen\u00e8tica, garantint la coexist\u00e8ncia dels cultius de plantes convencionals i les varietats transg\u00e8niques.<\/p>\n

De fet, a la Uni\u00f3 Europea i en altres molts pa\u00efsos hi ha normatives que estableixen les condicions de separaci\u00f3 f\u00edsica i barreres per reduir la pol\u00b7linitzaci\u00f3 creuada (o contaminaci\u00f3) entre aquests dos tipus de vegetals.<\/p>\n

A la pr\u00e0ctica, la coexist\u00e8ncia entre transg\u00e8nics i no transg\u00e8nics \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil del que es creia<\/strong>, sobretot quan els perjudicats s\u00f3n els agricultors compromesos amb la producci\u00f3 ecol\u00f2gica.<\/p>\n

Durant els \u00faltims anys, a Espanya s’han dut a terme alguns estudis que mostren la complexitat d’aquesta pretesa coexist\u00e8ncia<\/strong>, el primer i potser m\u00e9s important dels quals va ser publicat el 2008 a la revista Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics per Rosa Binimelis, en aquella data investigadora de l’Institut de Ci\u00e8ncia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA) en el projecte europeu ALARM.<\/p>\n

\"La<\/p>\n

Els primers cultius transg\u00e8nics van ser autoritzats a Espanya el 1998, seguint la legislaci\u00f3 aprovada per la Uni\u00f3 Europea. A la pr\u00e0ctica fins ara nom\u00e9s s’ha cultivat a Espanya una varietat transg\u00e8nica, el blat de moro Bt<\/strong> (MON 810, patentat per la companyia Monsanto). Encara que nom\u00e9s es poden trobar extensions importants d’aquesta varietat transg\u00e8nica en camps de comunitats com Andalusia, Arag\u00f3 o Catalunya, la pr\u00e0ctica ha demostrat que la coexist\u00e8ncia en el cas concret del blat de moro pr\u00e0cticament \u00e9s inexistent.<\/p>\n

Segons explicava la investigadora Rosa Benimelis en un article publicat el 2007 (Deu anys de transg\u00e8nics a Espanya: La impossible coexist\u00e8ncia), “la introducci\u00f3 d’OGM ha suposat, en primer lloc, una retallada a la llibertat d’escollir productes no transg\u00e8nics tant en el camp com al plat<\/strong>. Actualment \u00e9s extremadament dif\u00edcil aconseguir pinso no modificat gen\u00e8ticament pel fet que la immensa majoria de cooperatives on es produeix blat de moro modificat gen\u00e8ticament no separa les seves l\u00ednies de producci\u00f3 a causa de la no diferenciaci\u00f3 de preus, amb grans repercussions per als agricultors que no produeixen transg\u00e8nics en zones on aquests predominen i que volen mantenir la seva producci\u00f3 lliure de transg\u00e8nics”.<\/p>\n

Rosa Benimelis, en l’actualitat investigadora de la C\u00e0tedra d’Agroecologia i Sistemes Alimentaris de la Uvic-UCC, explicava que existien “nombrosos casos de contaminaci\u00f3<\/strong> que han estat reportats per ONGs, sindicats i comit\u00e8s de certificaci\u00f3 d’agricultura ecol\u00f2gica a l’estat espanyol des de 2001 al llarg de tota la cadena aliment\u00e0ria”, aportant per a aix\u00f2 una relaci\u00f3 de casos i denunciant que “de moment el govern no ha reconegut aquests casos, ni ha dut a terme cap estudi sistem\u00e0tic per analitzar l’abast de la situaci\u00f3”.<\/p>\n

A les zones en qu\u00e8 s’ha est\u00e8s el cultiu de blat de moro transg\u00e8nic han anat desapareixent els conreus de blat de moro convencionals o de producci\u00f3 ecol\u00f2gic<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En un sentit molt semblant, el 2015, el president del Consell Catal\u00e0 de la Producci\u00f3 Agr\u00e0ria Ecol\u00f2gica (CCPAE), Daniel Valls, va compar\u00e8ixer a la Subcomissi\u00f3 d’estudi dels transg\u00e8nics del Parlament de Catalunya per explicar els problemes del sector de producci\u00f3 ecol\u00f2gica provocats per els cultius de blat de moro transg\u00e8nic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Davant l’expansi\u00f3 del blat de moro Bt, els escassos productors de blat de moro ecol\u00f2gic que es resisteixen a desapar\u00e8ixer es veuen obligats “a sembrar m\u00e9s tard per no coincidir amb l’\u00e8poca de floraci\u00f3 del blat de moro transg\u00e8nic, amb la conseg\u00fcent baixada de producci\u00f3, i sense que aix\u00f2 garanteixi que no es produeixi la contaminaci\u00f3”, segons va explicar Valls en seu parlament\u00e0ria.<\/p>\n

Els problemes de contaminaci\u00f3 s’estenen a les f\u00e0briques de pinsos que processen blat de moro<\/strong> de les dues proced\u00e8ncies i obliguen a prendre mesures de neteja que encareixen el producte dels agricultors ecol\u00f2gics, recordava Valls.<\/p>\n

Les explicacions del president del CCPAE i els treballs de Rosa Benimelis deixen en evid\u00e8ncia que a les zones en qu\u00e8 s’ha est\u00e8s el cultiu de blat de moro transg\u00e8nic han anat desapareixent els conreus de blat de moro convencionals o de producci\u00f3 ecol\u00f2gica, i no necess\u00e0riament perqu\u00e8 els agricultors estiguin conven\u00e7uts dels avantatges dels transg\u00e8nics sin\u00f3 simplement perqu\u00e8 en la pr\u00e0ctica es converteixen en una compet\u00e8ncia deslleial que fa impossible seguir conreant un altre tipus de blat de moro.<\/p>\n

Igual que feia l’article de Benimelis, la Societat Espanyola d’Agricultura Ecol\u00f2gica va publicar el 2005 un informe sobre coexist\u00e8ncia de cultius convencionals i transg\u00e8nics amb una llista en la que van incloure una vintena de “casos i sospites” de contaminaci\u00f3<\/strong> per transg\u00e8nics a Navarra, Arag\u00f3 , Catalunya, Castella-la Manxa, Andalusia, Extremadura, Madrid i Pa\u00eds Basc.<\/p>\n

Autor:<\/strong> Joaquim Elcacho, Periodista especialitzat en Medi Ambient i Ci\u00e8ncia.<\/p>\n

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La coexistència entre cultius transgènics i no transgènics és molt més difícil del que es creia, i perjudica especialment els agricultors ecològics.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":29377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat"],"yoast_head":"\nLa contaminaci\u00f3 que ens arriba dels transg\u00e8nics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La coexist\u00e8ncia entre cultius transg\u00e8nics i no transg\u00e8nics \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s dif\u00edcil del que es creia, i perjudica especialment els agricultors ecol\u00f2gics.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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