{"id":31055,"date":"2020-02-19T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-02-19T06:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=31055"},"modified":"2020-02-19T09:07:50","modified_gmt":"2020-02-19T07:07:50","slug":"opioides-i-opiacis-llums-i-ombres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/02\/19\/opioides-i-opiacis-llums-i-ombres\/","title":{"rendered":"Opioides i Opiacis: llums i ombres"},"content":{"rendered":"

El cascall o rosella real blanca<\/strong> (Papaver somniferum<\/em>) \u00e9s una esp\u00e8cie de planta herb\u00e0cia anual del g\u00e8nere Papaver, pertanyent a la fam\u00edlia Papaveraceae. La saba dels seus fruits semi-madurs, pel seu alt contingut en alcaloides, \u00e9s la mat\u00e8ria primera per a la producci\u00f3 d’opi i tots els seus derivats, legals i il\u00b7legals. Us parlem d’opioides i opiacis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Opioides<\/p>\n

L’esp\u00e8cie podria ser ori\u00fcnda del sud de la Mediterr\u00e0nia, hem pogut verificar que va ser al continent europeu on l’esp\u00e8cie va ser domesticada per primera vegada, fa m\u00e9s de 4.000 anys. Troballes arqueol\u00f2giques evidencien el seu cultiu en assentaments humans datats a finals de l’Edat de Pedra, en els vessants dels rius Rin, Roine, Po i Danubi, a It\u00e0lia i Alemanya. A la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica, a les rodalies de Granada, es van trobar llavors al jaciment de la Cueva de los Murci\u00e9lagos, la dataci\u00f3 \u00e9s relativa cap a 4.200 a.C. Les seves propietats ja eren conegudes com un efica\u00e7 calmant del dolor i planta somn\u00edfera.<\/p>\n

En l’actualitat, la rosella real blanca es conrea en tots els continents com a mat\u00e8ria primera per a diverses ind\u00fastries<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En l’actualitat, la rosella real blanca<\/strong> es conrea en tots els continents com a mat\u00e8ria primera per a diverses ind\u00fastries, la m\u00e9s important de les quals \u00e9s la farmac\u00e8utica, ja que \u00e9s la base dels opiacis: morfina, code\u00efna, teba\u00efna, papaverina i noscapina; i els opioides semi sint\u00e8tics: hero\u00efna i buprenorfina, i sint\u00e8tic: metadona. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s una mat\u00e8ria primera per a la ind\u00fastria qu\u00edmica, olis i combustibles, per a la ind\u00fastria cosm\u00e8tica, en l’elaboraci\u00f3 de cremes hidratants i sabons. Malauradament, tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s utilitzada de forma nociva i il\u00b7legal per a la fabricaci\u00f3 de drogues summament addictives com l’hero\u00efna.<\/p>\n

La riquesa en alcaloides \u00e9s el component que actua com a principi actiu. Els alcaloides posseeixen la capacitat d’exercir una acci\u00f3 fisiol\u00f2gica intensa en els animals, fins i tot a baixes dosis, amb efectes psicoactius, pel que s’empren en f\u00e0rmacs i psicof\u00e0rmacs per tractar problemes f\u00edsics i ps\u00edquics. Els alcaloides suposen una font de subst\u00e0ncies actives com la morfina i la code\u00efna, utilitzades en medicina com analg\u00e8sics per calmar el dolor agut i la tos. El nom alcaloide va ser encunyat pel qu\u00edmic alemany Carl Meissner en 1819 per referir-se a productes naturals d’origen vegetal que mostraven propietats similars als \u00e0lcalis, conjunt de subst\u00e0ncies derivades de metalls alcalins.<\/p>\n

L’ab\u00fas i el mal \u00fas dels opiacis ha esdevingut una epid\u00e8mia letal a pa\u00efsos com els EUA, on les morts per addicci\u00f3 a aquestes subst\u00e0ncies superen les causades per VIH, accidents de tr\u00e0nsit i armes de foc<\/strong>. Cada dia, m\u00e9s de 130 nord-americans moren pels opiacis, uns 72.000 cada any. En el 50% dels casos la mort no ha estat provocada per un opioide il\u00b7legal, sin\u00f3 receptat per un facultatiu, \u00e9s a dir, un analg\u00e8sic adquirit en una farm\u00e0cia legal amb una recepta m\u00e8dica. Les morts solen ser causades per sobredosi pel fet que moltes persones es converteixen f\u00e0cilment en dependents d’aquest tipus de subst\u00e0ncies per calmar el dolor, la tos, l’ansietat o simplement poder dormir.<\/p>\n

Els “pastissos de rosella” (“makowiec” en polon\u00e8s i “makovn\u00edk” en eslovac) son unes postres t\u00edpiques de Pol\u00f2nia i d’Eslov\u00e0quia<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, no tots els usos d’aquesta planta s\u00f3n tan complexos, ni perillosos. Igual que les de Papaver rhoeas o roselles silvestres<\/strong>, que a la primavera tenyeixen de vermell els camps de blat, les seves llavors poden utilitzar-se en aplicacions culin\u00e0ries i les seves propietats antioxidants, tranquil\u00b7litzants i inofensives<\/strong> s\u00f3n ben conegudes. Els “pastissos de rosella” ( “makowiec” en polon\u00e8s i “makovn\u00edk” en eslovac) son unes postres t\u00edpiques de Pol\u00f2nia i d’Eslov\u00e0quia.<\/p>\n

Autora: <\/strong>Helena Escoda Casas, Llicenciada en Hist\u00f2ria (UAB)<\/p>\n

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El cascall o rosella real blanca (Papaver somniferum) és una espècie de planta herbàcia anual del gènere Papaver, pertanyent a la família Papaveraceae. La saba dels seus fruits semi-madurs, pel seu alt contingut en alcaloides, és la matèria primera per a la producció d’opi i tots els seus derivats, legals i il·legals. Us parlem d’opioides […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":31052,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-nutricio"],"yoast_head":"\nOpioides i Opiacis: llums i ombres<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En l'actualitat, la rosella real blanca es conrea en tots els continents com a mat\u00e8ria primera per a diverses ind\u00fastries. 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