{"id":34311,"date":"2020-04-16T10:00:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-16T08:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=34311"},"modified":"2020-04-16T10:12:07","modified_gmt":"2020-04-16T08:12:07","slug":"mercuri-en-el-peix","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/04\/16\/mercuri-en-el-peix\/","title":{"rendered":"Mercuri en el peix"},"content":{"rendered":"

La creixent contaminaci\u00f3 dels mars del planeta posa en risc la nostra salut. Els aliments que s’extreuen per al consum contenen una infinitat de subst\u00e0ncies qu\u00edmiques perilloses. Una d’aquestes subst\u00e0ncies altament t\u00f2xiques \u00e9s el mercuri<\/strong>, element qu\u00edmic que forma part de l’escor\u00e7a terrestre com a mineral anomenat cinabri, sulfur de mercuri.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Mercurio<\/p>\n

El mercuri<\/strong> \u00e9s un metall pesat singular, ja que \u00e9s l’\u00fanic que en condicions normals de temperatura \u00e9s l\u00edquid. Les seves caracter\u00edstiques qu\u00edmiques el fan tremendament vol\u00e0til, i un cop s’incorpora a l’atmosfera en forma gasosa, \u00e9s transportat a grans dist\u00e0ncies per despr\u00e9s ser arrossegat per la pluja fins a les aig\u00fces de rius i mars, que contamina.<\/p>\n

La principal via d’alliberament de mercuri a l’entorn \u00e9s antr\u00f2pica. Les diferents activitats dirigides a produir i transformar aquest metall, com l’extracci\u00f3 minera de mercuri i el seu posterior \u00fas en metal\u00b7l\u00fargia, i els variats processos industrials en els quals el mercuri est\u00e0 present, s\u00f3n el seu origen. Principalment es genera en la depuraci\u00f3 de gas natural, la producci\u00f3 qu\u00edmica, aix\u00ed com processos de combusti\u00f3 de combustibles f\u00f2ssils en centrals t\u00e8rmiques, incineradores i cimenteres.<\/strong> Aquests processos han propiciat la seva introducci\u00f3 de forma massiva a l’atmosfera, aig\u00fces i terres del planeta, incrementant els efectes adversos per a la salut humana i el medi ambient.<\/p>\n

El mercuri ha tingut i t\u00e9 m\u00faltiples usos i aplicacions<\/strong>. S’ha usat en la fabricaci\u00f3 de pintures, bateries i piles, l\u00e0mpades fluorescents i de baix consum, aparells el\u00e8ctrics i electr\u00f2nics, en la ind\u00fastria del pl\u00e0stic, en fitosanitaris i biocides, en aparells de mesura com term\u00f2metres i bar\u00f2metres, i en medicina com a part de vacunes, medicaments i amalgames dentals. Per\u00f2 a causa de la seva alta toxicitat, les restriccions per a la fabricaci\u00f3 i prohibicions d’\u00fas s\u00f3n cada vegada m\u00e9s grans. A Europa est\u00e0 prohibida la fabricaci\u00f3 i comercialitzaci\u00f3 de nous productes amb mercuri i nous processos de fabricaci\u00f3 que impliquin l’\u00fas de mercuri o de compostos de mercuri, excepte si hi ha beneficis significatius, i sempre que no impliquin riscos per a la salut i el medi ambient, i no hi hagi alternatives viables sense l’\u00fas d’aquest metall.<\/p>\n

El peix blau \u00e9s el que concentra major quantitat de metilmercuri, fonamentalment en les seves v\u00edsceres i greix<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

El mercuri pateix una s\u00e8rie de transformacions qu\u00edmiques durant el seu despla\u00e7ament a trav\u00e9s de l’atmosfera, aig\u00fces i s\u00f2l, passant de la forma inorg\u00e0nica metall fins a la forma org\u00e0nica, que \u00e9s la m\u00e9s t\u00f2xica per a la salut. El mercuri org\u00e0nic es troba en l’aigua, principalment com metilmercuri i com dimetilmercuri. La metilaci\u00f3 de mercuri inorg\u00e0nic es produeix per l’acci\u00f3 dels bacteris en l’aigua o s\u00f2l. Un cop sintetitzat, entra a formar part de la cadena aliment\u00e0ria al ser ingerit per les formes de pl\u00e0ncton i pels succionadors dels fons marins que s’alimenten dels bacteris. El pl\u00e0ncton \u00e9s el suport base de gran nombre d’esp\u00e8cies de peixos i crustacis, de manera que el metilmercuri passa al seg\u00fcent nivell de la cadena aliment\u00e0ria. Aix\u00ed successivament. Els peixos m\u00e9s grans s\u00f3n els que per la seva llarga vida van acumulant majors quantitats de metilmercuri.<\/strong> Els depredadors acumulen el mercuri de les seves preses.<\/p>\n

Quan un animal ingereix metilmercuri aquest roman indefinidament en el seu organisme. El metilmercuri \u00e9s soluble en el greix, i \u00e9s en el teixit adip\u00f3s on s’acumula. El peix blau \u00e9s el que concentra major quantitat de metilmercuri, fonamentalment en les seves v\u00edsceres i greix. La concentraci\u00f3 del metall en els teixits augmenta amb el temps. Aix\u00ed, les esp\u00e8cies que ocupen un nivell superior a la cadena aliment\u00e0ria acumulen deu vegades m\u00e9s mercuri que les esp\u00e8cies de les quals s’alimenten. Aquest proc\u00e9s es denomina biomagnificaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Els efectes nocius del mercuri<\/strong> es coneixen des del segle passat. El 1956 es va produir una intoxicaci\u00f3 massiva pel consum de peix contaminat a la badia de Minamata (Jap\u00f3). Una empresa qu\u00edmica abocava directament a l’aigua de la badia el mercuri que emprava com a catalitzador per a la producci\u00f3 industrial. En 1911, a l’Iraq, es va produir un enverinament massiu per consum hum\u00e0 de llavors d’ordi i blat tractades amb un fungicida a base de metilmercuri. Van morir 500 persones. Per\u00f2 en tots dos successos els adults no es van veure afectats de manera tan greu com els nens, les mares dels quals havien consumit l’aliment contaminat.<\/p>\n

\"Mercurio<\/p>\n

El metilmercuri<\/strong> produeix toxicitat neurol\u00f2gica en nens, afectant principalment a la funci\u00f3 cognitiva, la mem\u00f2ria, la funci\u00f3 visual-motora i al llenguatge. Els efectes perjudicials del metilmercuri incideixen negativament en les primeres fases de desenvolupament del sistema nervi\u00f3s del fetus, i continuen incidint en el desenvolupament fins als 10 anys. En la poblaci\u00f3 adulta pot afectar la funci\u00f3 cognitiva, la reproducci\u00f3 i augmentar el risc cardiovascular.<\/p>\n

El Ministeri de Sanitat, a trav\u00e9s de l’Ag\u00e8ncia Espanyola de Seguretat Aliment\u00e0ria i Nutrici\u00f3 (AESAN), recomana a la poblaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s vulnerable, com s\u00f3n les dones embarassades, dones lactants i els nens menors de deu anys, evitar el consum de diverses esp\u00e8cies concretes de peix en les que s’ha comprovat la pres\u00e8ncia d’alts continguts en mercuri. Es tracta del peix espasa o emperador, la tonyina vermella, el taur\u00f3 en les seves diferents esp\u00e8cies, com el ca\u00e7\u00f3, marrajo, mielgas, gat i tintorera, i el llu\u00e7 de riu. En nens d’entre 10 i 14 anys, l’ag\u00e8ncia proposa limitar el consum d’aquestes esp\u00e8cies a 120 grams al mes. La ingesta setmanal tolerable de metilmercuri en adults \u00e9s de 1,3 micrograms per cada quilo corporal.<\/p>\n

La manera m\u00e9s efica\u00e7 de minimitzar<\/strong> l’exposici\u00f3 al metilmercuri, i als efectes perjudicials que per a la salut aquest t\u00f2xic implica, si es consumeix peix, \u00e9s no consumir esp\u00e8cies que se sap que contenen un alt contingut d’aquest metall.<\/p>\n

Autor:<\/strong> Ra\u00fal Mart\u00ednez, Dietista-nutricionista, bi\u00f2leg.<\/p>\n

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La creixent contaminació dels mars del planeta posa en risc la nostra salut. Els aliments que s’extreuen per al consum contenen una infinitat de substàncies químiques perilloses. Una d’aquestes substàncies altament tòxiques és el mercuri, element químic que forma part de l’escorça terrestre com a mineral anomenat cinabri, sulfur de mercuri.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":34304,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164,7160],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34311","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat","category-medi-ambient"],"yoast_head":"\nContaminaci\u00f3 dels mars: Mercuri en el peix - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els peixos m\u00e9s grans s\u00f3n els que van acumulant majors quantitats de metilmercuri. 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