{"id":34457,"date":"2020-04-21T09:36:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-21T07:36:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=34457"},"modified":"2020-04-21T09:36:56","modified_gmt":"2020-04-21T07:36:56","slug":"larros-el-cereal-que-sustenta-la-vida-al-nostre-planeta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/04\/21\/larros-el-cereal-que-sustenta-la-vida-al-nostre-planeta\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019arr\u00f2s, el cereal que sustenta la vida al nostre planeta"},"content":{"rendered":"

L’etimologia de la paraula arr\u00f2s<\/strong> en la nostra llengua, procedeix de l’\u00e0rab \u0623\u0631\u0632, Ar-ruzz, doncs va ser aquesta civilitzaci\u00f3 la que va introduir aquest cultiu originari d’\u00c0sia a la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica, durant els segles VII i VIII dC. La Oryza Sativa<\/em> (planta de l’arr\u00f2s) va ser escrita per Carlos Linneo a Species Plantarum<\/em>, en 1753.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"El<\/p>\n

L’arr\u00f2s<\/strong> \u00e9s la llavor de la planta Oryza Sativa<\/em>, una esp\u00e8cie pertanyent a la fam\u00edlia de les Po\u00e0cies<\/em> (gram\u00ednies) origin\u00e0ria del subcontinent \u00cdndic, la llavor \u00e9s comestible. La majoria d’arrossos es poleixen pr\u00e8viament per alliberar-los de la coberta que els protegeix (que es converteix en seg\u00f3), el que elimina aix\u00ed olis i enzims de l’arr\u00f2s. El resultat \u00e9s un gra d’arr\u00f2s que es mant\u00e9 estable durant anys. Avui, \u00e9s l’aliment b\u00e0sic en molts pa\u00efsos i no nom\u00e9s a \u00c0sia, tamb\u00e9 en alguns pa\u00efsos d’Am\u00e8rica Llatina i \u00c0frica, ja que aquest cereal va esdevenir de gran import\u00e0ncia quan va arribar a aquests continents a trav\u00e9s de la colonitzaci\u00f3 europea.<\/p>\n

El cultiu de l’arr\u00f2s va comen\u00e7ar a la zona central del continent asi\u00e0tic fa entre 7.000 i 8.000 anys<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Hi ha diverses hip\u00f2tesis sobre l’origen de la domesticaci\u00f3 i cultiu de l’arr\u00f2s. Els dubtes sorgeixen sobre si aquest cultiu es va originar a la Xina o a l’\u00cdndia. La veritat \u00e9s que va comen\u00e7ar a la zona central del continent asi\u00e0tic fa entre 7.000 i 8.000 anys. Posteriorment, el cultiu de l’arr\u00f2s es va expandir per Tail\u00e0ndia, Vietnam, Cambodja, Jap\u00f3 i Corea. En l’antiguitat, per a les cultures orientals l’arr\u00f2s va simbolitzar la vida, la fertilitat i l’alegria de viure<\/strong>, d’aqu\u00ed ve la tradici\u00f3 de llan\u00e7ar arr\u00f2s als nuvis, les seves aplicacions s\u00f3n m\u00faltiples en cuina i tamb\u00e9 per a cosm\u00e8tics, medicines, paper, teles, etc. El fam\u00f3s licor japon\u00e8s Sake tamb\u00e9 est\u00e0 elaborat a base d’arr\u00f2s.<\/p>\n

En l’actualitat, les varietats d’arr\u00f2s s\u00f3n molt\u00edssimes, prop de deu mil, ja que \u00e9s el segon cereal m\u00e9s cultivat en tot el Planeta, nom\u00e9s per darrere del blat de moro. At\u00e8s que el blat de moro tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s produ\u00eft amb molts altres prop\u00f2sits (biocombustibles i farratges), es pot dir que l’arr\u00f2s \u00e9s el cereal m\u00e9s important en l’alimentaci\u00f3 humana<\/strong> i que contribueix de forma molt efectiva a l’aportaci\u00f3 nutricional de la dieta humana actual; \u00e9s font d’una cinquena part de les calories consumides al m\u00f3n. M\u00e9s de 6.000 milions de persones el consumeixen cada dia, el 60% de la poblaci\u00f3 mundial. No cont\u00e9 gluten.<\/p>\n

A Espanya es produeixen 750.000 tones, enfront de les 247.000 que es consumeixen, ja que la majoria es destinen a l’exportaci\u00f3<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Probablement, els primers occidentals que van menjar arr\u00f2s van ser Alexandre el Gran i els seus guerrers, que van arribar a l’\u00cdndia sobre 320 aC. despr\u00e9s de la conquesta de l’Imperi Persa. A l’Europa d’avui els dos grans productors s\u00f3n It\u00e0lia i Espanya, on els risottos<\/em> i la paella han esdevingut plats puntals en el patrimoni culinari mediterrani. A Espanya es produeixen 750.000 tones, enfront de les 247.000 que es consumeixen, ja que la majoria es destinen a l’exportaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

El cultiu de l’arr\u00f2s a Espanya est\u00e0 concentrat en cinc comunitats: Andalusia \u00e9s la comunitat que produeix major quantitat amb el 40% del total, el segueix Extremadura, amb el 23%, la Comunitat Valenciana, amb el 15,5%, Catalunya (Delta l’Ebre), amb el 15%, i Arag\u00f3 5,75%. El Delta de l’Ebre \u00e9s la zona de Catalunya per excel\u00b7l\u00e8ncia en la producci\u00f3 d’arrossos. En aquesta denominaci\u00f3 d’origen hi ha sis varietats autoritzades: Badia, Bomba, Montsianell, S\u00e9nia i Tebre<\/strong>. El desenvolupament del cultiu de l’arr\u00f2s en aquesta zona est\u00e0 motivat tant per les caracter\u00edstiques clim\u00e0tiques com per la seva salinitat i l’altura de la capa fre\u00e0tica. Es tracta d’un arr\u00f2s de gran qualitat productiva i gustativa.<\/p>\n

Autora:<\/strong> Helena Escoda Casas, Llicenciada en Hist\u00f2ria (UAB).<\/p>\n

Subscriu-te<\/a>\u00a0a la Newsletter i rep cada mes Bio Eco Actual gratis al teu correu<\/strong><\/p>\n

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L’etimologia de la paraula arròs en la nostra llengua, procedeix de l’àrab أرز, Ar-ruzz, doncs va ser aquesta civilització la que va introduir aquest cultiu originari d’Àsia a la Península Ibèrica, durant els segles VII i VIII dC. La Oryza Sativa (planta de l’arròs) va ser escrita per Carlos Linneo a Species Plantarum, en 1753.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":34454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-nutricio"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019arr\u00f2s, el cereal que sustenta la vida al nostre planeta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les varietats d'arr\u00f2s s\u00f3n molt\u00edssimes, prop de deu mil, ja que \u00e9s el segon cereal m\u00e9s cultivat en tot el Planeta, per darrere del blat de moro.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/04\/21\/larros-el-cereal-que-sustenta-la-vida-al-nostre-planeta\/\" 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