{"id":37061,"date":"2020-06-12T10:43:10","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T08:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=37061"},"modified":"2020-06-12T10:43:10","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T08:43:10","slug":"el-necessari-proces-detox-dels-nostres-sols-de-cultiu-ii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/06\/12\/el-necessari-proces-detox-dels-nostres-sols-de-cultiu-ii\/","title":{"rendered":"El necessari proc\u00e9s detox dels nostres s\u00f2ls de cultiu (II)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Com hem vist en un article anterior<\/a>, els s\u00f2ls de cultiu<\/strong> estan sotmesos a una enorme c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica, producte preferentment de l’activitat agr\u00edcola i ramadera industrial.<\/p>\n

\"El<\/p>\n

En l’Informe Estat Mundial del Recurs S\u00f2l (FAO, 2015)<\/strong> es va identificar la contaminaci\u00f3 com una de les principals amenaces per als s\u00f2ls i per als serveis als ecosistemes que aquests proporcionen. Nombrosos informes posteriors han demostrat el dany ambiental extrem que suporten els nostres s\u00f2ls i les relacions d’aquesta agressi\u00f3, amb processos com el canvi clim\u00e0tic, l’augment de plagues, malalties, inseguretat aliment\u00e0ria i migracions humanes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Malauradament, aquest i altres informes internacionals generats per experts de reconegut prestigi ressaltant la urg\u00e8ncia en les mesures de prevenci\u00f3 i control de la contaminaci\u00f3, formen part d’aix\u00f2 que dic “literatura cient\u00edfica”; una informaci\u00f3 avalada per la ci\u00e8ncia, que \u00e9s presa per la ciutadania, com no probable a mitj\u00e0 termini, assumint que en el cas que succeeixi, la tecnoci\u00e8ncia sempre pot oferir solucions i que els danys col\u00b7laterals, si n’hi ha, s\u00f3n un preu a pagar lligat a aquesta idea su\u00efcida de progr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L’\u00fas del compostatge disminueix la c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica microbiana, v\u00edrica i antibi\u00f2tica dels fems i altres subproductes org\u00e0nics<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

No podem esperar que aix\u00f2 canvi\u00ef; ni els pol\u00edtics per la seva ignor\u00e0ncia i els seus interessos a curt termini, ni la ci\u00e8ncia i la tecnologia aplicada a la producci\u00f3 per la seva agressivitat, ni la inanici\u00f3 d’una ciutadania que no exigeix \u200b\u200bprendre mesures concretes ni demana responsabilitats, m’ofereixen gens de confian\u00e7a i no obstant aix\u00f2, s\u00ed que hi ha moltes probabilitats que la degradaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l empitjori i la toxicitat augmenti; de fet amb la pand\u00e8mia del virus ja s’han disparat les veus que criden a augmentar les produccions, destacant com les agricultures alternatives no s\u00f3n opcions per a moments cr\u00edtics i ja sabem com s\u00f3n els seus arguments de convincents per decret.<\/p>\n

Avui m\u00e9s que mai, remarquem la import\u00e0ncia de la prevenci\u00f3 de la contaminaci\u00f3<\/strong>, emfatitzant en la necessitat d’un marc d’actuaci\u00f3 en el context productiu, sanador per al s\u00f2l i \u00e9s en aquest \u00faltim punt en el que vull incidir.<\/p>\n

Una gesti\u00f3 sanadora<\/strong>, basada en el manteniment de s\u00f2ls vius, f\u00e8rtils, i resilients, \u00a0exigeix \u200b\u200bun coneixement prec\u00eds del recurs en l’\u00e0mbit que ens correspongui, cient\u00edfic, t\u00e8cnic, experiencial- per reconduir la intensificaci\u00f3 que comporta la pr\u00e0ctica productiva.<\/p>\n

\"El<\/p>\n

Per la brevetat de l’espai, no puc enumerar accions in situ<\/em> i ex situ<\/em> per a cada tipus de contaminant, he preferit centrar-me en el marc te\u00f2ric que proveeix coneixements per a la remediaci\u00f3, enfocats en el maneig cultural; premisses relacionades amb la gesti\u00f3 agroecol\u00f2gica que ens poden servir de pautes d’actuaci\u00f3 en la prevenci\u00f3, el control o la descontaminaci\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Un enfocament productiu basat en el maneig de s\u00f2ls vius. El microbioma del s\u00f2l regula les funcions vitals de l’agrosistema<\/strong>; les sinergies i antagonismes que es produeixen en el seu si no s\u00f3n producte de l’atzar, estan enfocades a garantir un ambient adequat per al desenvolupament de la vida. La producci\u00f3 per bacteris, fongs i algues ed\u00e0fiques d’enzims degradatius de contaminants com herbicides, pesticides, hidrocarburs, fenols i amines arom\u00e0tiques, entre altres, \u00e9s un exemple del seu paper regulador.<\/li>\n
  2. La fertilitzaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l est\u00e0 determinada per aportacions org\u00e0nics estables i de qualitat i aportacions minerals no sint\u00e8tics<\/strong>, i la nutrici\u00f3 dels cultius est\u00e0 basada en la pres\u00e8ncia cont\u00ednua d’una gran diversitat de nutrients i no en la quantitat puntual d’escassos macroelements Tot aix\u00f2 disminueix la c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica de la sobre-fertilitzaci\u00f3 qu\u00edmica i permet un millor metabolisme del component qu\u00edmic al s\u00f2l.<\/li>\n
  3. L’addici\u00f3 de mat\u00e8ria org\u00e0nica com biomassa, necromassa, neomassa i la millora de la seva din\u00e0mica en el s\u00f2l, afavorint la persist\u00e8ncia i acumulaci\u00f3 de fraccions m\u00e9s estables com les subst\u00e0ncies h\u00famiques, assegura la retenci\u00f3 i inactivaci\u00f3 de metalls pesats i biocides. L’\u00fas de t\u00e8cniques com el compostatge <\/strong>disminueix la c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica microbiana, v\u00edrica i antibi\u00f2tica dels fems i altres subproductes org\u00e0nics. La bioestimulaci\u00f3 nutricional<\/strong> de la edafobiodiversitat<\/strong>, \u00e9s un altre cam\u00ed per augmentar la degradaci\u00f3 dels contaminants.<\/li>\n
  4. L’\u00fas d’una gran biodiversitat vegetal incloent arbres i plantes cultiu i no cultiu permeten processos naturals de fito-remediaci\u00f3. Les plantes poden tolerar, absorbir, acumular i degradar compostos contaminants impedint la migraci\u00f3 dels metalls pesants cap al terra i les aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies. A m\u00e9s, la rizodeposici\u00f3, \u00e9s una font de carboni org\u00e0nic en l’\u00e0mbit de l’arrel que estimula l’activitat enzim\u00e0tica degradativa microbiana.<\/li>\n
  5. La no utilitzaci\u00f3 de biocides qu\u00edmics de s\u00edntesi garanteix la nul\u00b7la concentraci\u00f3 al s\u00f2l, la planta, l’aigua i l’atmosfera de la c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica que est\u00e0 lligada a la seva aportaci\u00f3.<\/strong><\/li>\n
  6. La millora de l’estructura agregacional gr\u00e0cies a pr\u00e0ctiques agroecol\u00f2giques, millora el paper del s\u00f2l com a filtre biol\u00f2gic, evitant el pas de subst\u00e0ncies t\u00f2xiques a l’aigua i com a mitj\u00e0 amortidor per als contaminants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    L’agroecologia suma al coneixement de pr\u00e0ctiques d\u2019\u00e8xit tradicionals, el saber cient\u00edfic degudament provat i actualitzat<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    A m\u00e9s d’acords enfocats a una pol\u00edtica comunit\u00e0ria de protecci\u00f3, nosaltres podem prevenir, reduir o revertir el problema de la contaminaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l <\/strong>de cultiu i com a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de l’aire<\/strong> que respirem, l’aigua <\/strong>que bevem i els aliments<\/strong> que consumim des de l\u2019 agroecologia<\/strong>, disciplina que suma al coneixement de pr\u00e0ctiques d\u2019\u00e8xit tradicionals, el saber cient\u00edfic degudament provat i actualitzat.<\/p>\n

    La contaminaci\u00f3 del s\u00f2l \u00e9s invisible molt de temps i les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies enormement negatives sobre la nostra qualitat de vida augmenten enormement la nostra vulnerabilitat. Recuperem els vincles amb la terra i actuem cada un des del nostre \u00e0mbit d’acci\u00f3, abans que sigui massa tard, “no esperem a cavar el pou quan comencem a tenir set”.<\/p>\n

    Llegeix la primera part de l’article<\/em><\/a><\/h3>\n

    Autora:<\/strong> Juana Labrador Moreno, Dra. En Biologia i Professora d’Agroecologia a l’Escola d’Enginyeries Agr\u00e0ries de la Universitat d’Extremadura.<\/p>\n

    Subscriu-te<\/a>\u00a0a la Newsletter i rep cada mes Bio Eco Actual gratis al teu correu<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bio Eco Actual<\/em>,\u00a0<\/strong>el teu mensual 100% ecol\u00f2gic<\/em>
    \nLlegir\u00a0    Bio Eco Actual Juny 2020<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Com hem vist en un article anterior, els sòls de cultiu estan sotmesos a una enorme càrrega tòxica, producte preferentment de l’activitat agrícola i ramadera industrial.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":37050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7164,7170,7160,7166],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-actualitat","category-horticultura-bio","category-medi-ambient","category-nutricio"],"yoast_head":"\nEl necessari proc\u00e9s detox dels nostres s\u00f2ls de cultiu (II)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els s\u00f2ls de cultiu estan sotmesos a una enorme c\u00e0rrega t\u00f2xica, producte preferentment de l'activitat agr\u00edcola i ramadera industrial.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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