{"id":38224,"date":"2020-07-20T10:00:05","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T08:00:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=38224"},"modified":"2025-06-12T14:47:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T12:47:07","slug":"reflexio-sobre-lexportacio-danimals-vius-a-orient-proxim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2020\/07\/20\/reflexio-sobre-lexportacio-danimals-vius-a-orient-proxim\/","title":{"rendered":"Reflexi\u00f3 sobre l’exportaci\u00f3 d’animals vius a orient pr\u00f2xim"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fa 15 anys, ANDA, al juntament amb l’associaci\u00f3 Alemanya Animals’ Angels, van alertar sobre les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies nefastes que per al benestar animal tenien les llavors incipients exportacions d’animals vius<\/strong> des de la Uni\u00f3 Europea cap a pa\u00efsos del Pr\u00f2xim Orient, alimentades pel ja previsible creixement exponencial de la demanda de productes carnis en aquests pa\u00efsos.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Reflexi\u00f3n<\/p>\n

En aquell moment, deman\u00e0vem<\/strong> que la Uni\u00f3 Europea prohib\u00eds aquest tipus de transports i es substitu\u00eds pel transport de canals.<\/strong> La sol\u00b7licitud es justificava per les dur\u00edssimes condicions del viatge, la seva durada eterna i la manca de garanties en mat\u00e8ria de benestar animal en els escorxadors de destinaci\u00f3. Despr\u00e9s d’aquests 15 anys, les campanyes i iniciatives denunciant aquesta situaci\u00f3 han estat recurrents per\u00f2 malgrat la seva heterogene\u00eftat, totes conserven la mateixa f\u00f3rmula fonamentada en l’exposici\u00f3 de les condicions del viatge i la impossibilitat de complir en dest\u00ed amb les normes europees de benestar animal.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s de gaireb\u00e9 dues d\u00e8cades de den\u00fancies i campanyes som on \u00e9rem a l’inici, fins i tot pitjor, ja que les companyies de transport terrestre, els ports i els animals afectats i involucrats s’han multiplicat per una demanda que no deixa de cr\u00e9ixer. I aix\u00f2 \u00e9s aix\u00ed perqu\u00e8 m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 de missatges per a xarxes, sol\u00b7licitud de prohibicions contundents i altres quimeres virtuoses \u00e9s probable que ens h\u00e0gim deixat en el cam\u00ed una reflexi\u00f3 desapassionada del perqu\u00e8<\/strong> d’un fenomen que respon a una tend\u00e8ncia l\u00f2gica de mercat i a uns interessos leg\u00edtims, per molt que aquests ens repugnin.<\/p>\n

Analitzem en primer lloc la vessant de la demanda en els pa\u00efsos de destinaci\u00f3. El creixent nivell adquisitiu i la progressiva urbanitzaci\u00f3 de les seves poblacions impliquen una major pres\u00e8ncia dels productes carnis en les seves dietes. \u00c9s inevitable. La carn, i la carn europea en particular, tenen una imatge social de qualitat i opul\u00e8ncia que la fan molt seductora. Intentar satisfer aquest mercat amb productes carnis en comptes d’animals vius, passa necess\u00e0riament per l’estudi detallat d’aquesta demanda, els formats de presentaci\u00f3, els canals de distribuci\u00f3 i, sobretot, la confian\u00e7a en els m\u00e8todes de sacrifici emprats en la producci\u00f3 c\u00e0rnia “Halal” europea. Hi ha variables regionals relacionades amb diferents interpretacions de car\u00e0cter religi\u00f3s, per\u00f2 si no som capa\u00e7os d’estudiar-les, assumir-les i oferir des dels escorxadors europeus les mateixes seguretats i garanties pel que fa a l’acompliment dels est\u00e0ndards religiosos de la carn “Halal”, la tan anhelada substituci\u00f3 d’animals vius per productes elaborats est\u00e0 perduda per endavant.<\/p>\n

La sol\u00b7licitud es justificava per les dur\u00edssimes condicions del viatge, la seva durada eterna i la manca de garanties en mat\u00e8ria de benestar animal en els escorxadors de destinaci\u00f3<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Tamb\u00e9 hem de considerar les caracter\u00edstiques estructurals des del costat de l’oferta a la Uni\u00f3 Europea. La realitat \u00e9s que despr\u00e9s d’anys d’aplicaci\u00f3 de la Pol\u00edtica Agr\u00e0ria Comunit\u00e0ria, la UE \u00e9s excedent\u00e0ria en certes produccions ramaderes, com el bov\u00ed, o no presenta una sortida comercial per a altres, com l’ovella per sacrificar. El comer\u00e7 d’animals cap a destinacions orientals suposa una sortida i soluci\u00f3 l\u00f2gica per a aquestes circumst\u00e0ncies europees. Aix\u00ed mateix, per al ramader europeu, el client de Pr\u00f2xim Orient representa una alternativa molt interessant a la ind\u00fastria c\u00e0rnia local. Paga m\u00e9s i en millors condicions. Les empreses c\u00e0rnies de la UE mantenien als ramaders en una situaci\u00f3 de depend\u00e8ncia que ara aquests poden desafiar canviant de client. Les expectatives obertes per la possibilitat de canvi s\u00f3n massa reals i atractives i, mentre el ramader europeu no les vegi igualades en la pr\u00e0ctica econ\u00f2mica de la transformaci\u00f3 c\u00e0rnia local, seguir\u00e0 enviant animals vius cap a orient.<\/p>\n

L’exportaci\u00f3 d’animals vius a Pr\u00f2xim Orient \u00e9s tan rendible per a uns i altres degut, en gran part, a uns preus artificialment baixos dels ports per animal transportat. Aix\u00f2 \u00e9s possible perqu\u00e8 actualment en el c\u00e0lcul de costos per unitat transportada no s’inclou el preu que en impacte mediambiental t\u00e9 la mobilitat dels camions o vaixells implicats.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Reflexi\u00f3<\/p>\n

Finalment, tots aquests anys d’exportacions d’animals vius han creat una clientela estable tant en origen com en dest\u00ed d’importadors, exportadors, transportistes, distribu\u00efdors i tractants<\/strong>. El canvi cap a un comer\u00e7 de productes carnis ha de comptar amb l’estructura que ja hi ha muntada al voltant del comer\u00e7 d’animals vius. No podem deixar-la al marge sin\u00f3 que hem de buscar f\u00f3rmules per integrar-la. Els canals de transmissi\u00f3 des de la granja fins a la taula s\u00f3n complexos i costa molt establir-los. S\u00f3n interessos ja creats la defensa dels quals impedir\u00e0 el seu canvi tret que apareguin involucrats en els beneficis aportats per aquest canvi. El pas d’un comer\u00e7 a un altre implicar\u00e0 costos en la transformaci\u00f3 dels mitjans de transport o en l’establiment d’una cadena de fred en els pa\u00efsos de destinaci\u00f3 i segurament apareixeran actors nous, per\u00f2 qualsevol intent realista de transformaci\u00f3 de l’actual moviment d’animals vius ha de intentar buscar l’alian\u00e7a dels que ja existeixen, no la seva confrontaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

En conclusi\u00f3, la sol\u00b7licitud de prohibici\u00f3 del transport d’animals vius a Pr\u00f2xim Orient i la seva substituci\u00f3 pel transport de productes carnis (tant si aquesta sol\u00b7licitud va adre\u00e7ada a les institucions comunit\u00e0ries com als pa\u00efsos particulars) pot tenir molta l\u00f2gica des de la perspectiva mediambiental, de desenvolupament rural o de protecci\u00f3 animal <\/strong>per\u00f2 si no t\u00e9 en compte els aspectes aqu\u00ed exposats correm el risc de o b\u00e9 convertir la sol\u00b7licitud de les ONG en una altra reivindicaci\u00f3 “cl\u00e0ssica” (reiteradament demanada i mai aconseguida), o b\u00e9 (en el cas de que la prohibici\u00f3 europea es faci realitat) obligar a l’entramat industrial carni dels pa\u00efsos de Pr\u00f2xim Orient a buscar fonts d’abastament alternatives (Am\u00e8rica de Sud, Sud-\u00e0frica, Austr\u00e0lia) m\u00e9s allunyades i, per tant, m\u00e9s problem\u00e0tiques.<\/p>\n

Autor:<\/strong> Alberto D\u00edez Michelena, Director de l’Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional para la Defensa de los Animales | ANDA \u00e9s membre de l’Eurogroup for Animals (Brussel\u00b7les), inscrita en el R.N.A. amb el n\u00fam: 87.568.<\/p>\n

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Fa 15 anys, ANDA, al juntament amb l’associació Alemanya Animals’ Angels, van alertar sobre les conseqüències nefastes que per al benestar animal tenien les llavors incipients exportacions d’animals vius des de la Unió Europea cap a països del Pròxim Orient, alimentades pel ja previsible creixement exponencial de la demanda de productes carnis en aquests països.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":38217,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7180,7164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-activisme","category-actualitat"],"yoast_head":"\nReflexi\u00f3 sobre l'exportaci\u00f3 d'animals vius a orient pr\u00f2xim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'exportaci\u00f3 d'animals vius a Pr\u00f2xim Orient \u00e9s tan rendible, en gran part, per uns preus artificialment baixos dels 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