{"id":9209,"date":"2016-07-19T13:58:39","date_gmt":"2016-07-19T13:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/2016\/07\/19\/el-petroli-posa-en-perill-la-biodiversitat-de-l-amazones\/"},"modified":"2017-03-30T09:25:19","modified_gmt":"2017-03-30T09:25:19","slug":"el-petroli-posa-en-perill-la-biodiversitat-de-l-amazones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2016\/07\/19\/el-petroli-posa-en-perill-la-biodiversitat-de-l-amazones\/","title":{"rendered":"El petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l’Amazones"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eco Portal 19\/07\/2016<\/a>
<\/strong><\/em>El petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l’Amazones.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Davant el possible augment de l’explotaci\u00f3 petroliera a l’Amaz\u00f2nia equatoriana, un equip de cient\u00edfics, amb participaci\u00f3 del Real Jard\u00ed Bot\u00e0nic de Madrid, adverteix del perill per a la biodiversitat en aquesta zona.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Segons el treball, que presenta una visi\u00f3 actualitzada del mapa petrolier de l’Amaz\u00f2nia, els blocs de petroli concessionats representen en l’actualitat el 30%, per\u00f2 la cobertura podria estendre a gaireb\u00e9 el 70% en els propers anys, afectant tamb\u00e9 a altres pa\u00efsos propers i posant en risc la zona m\u00e9s rica del planeta.<\/p>\n

Sota la selva amaz\u00f2nica de l’Equador hi ha petroli. Va ser a la d\u00e8cada dels anys 70 quan es va descobrir la seva exist\u00e8ncia i comen\u00e7ava l’extracci\u00f3. En l’actualitat, el 30% de l’Amaz\u00f2nia est\u00e0 incl\u00f2s en blocs petroliers que han estat concessionats a empreses petrol\u00edferes, sent Equador el pa\u00eds amb m\u00e9s superf\u00edcie explotada<\/strong> per a l’extracci\u00f3 de cru de tots els pa\u00efsos amaz\u00f2nics, malgrat ser un dels m\u00e9s petits de la zona.<\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, el 30% sembla haver-se quedat curt. Al setembre de 2015 el president de l’Equador, Rafael Correa, admetia per primera vegada que el creixement del pa\u00eds comen\u00e7ava a estancar i, fins i tot, podria decr\u00e9ixer en els mesos seg\u00fcents. La caiguda del preu del petroli era la culpable. El pa\u00eds, l’economia dep\u00e8n de la producci\u00f3 de petroli, retallava el seu pressupost en 2.000 milions de d\u00f2lars per culpa de la baixada del cru i calia buscar alguna soluci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

El Govern equatori\u00e0 ja ha mogut fitxa econ\u00f2mica. Ara t\u00e9 plans d’estendre la cobertura dels camps de petroli en un altre 30% de l’Amaz\u00f2nia, de manera que si la subhasta que s’ha obert aconsegueix assignar els nous blocs en oferta, sumant els diferents percentatges gaireb\u00e9 un 70% a la zona equatoriana estar\u00e0 concessionat a la ind\u00fastria petroliera en els propers anys.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Un estudi internacional en qu\u00e8 participen els investigadors espanyols del Real Jard\u00ed Bot\u00e0nic-CSIC Jes\u00fas Mu\u00f1oz i Javier Fajardo, que acaba de ser publicat a la revista cient\u00edfica Ecology and Evolution, adverteix del perill que per a l’Amaz\u00f2nia pot suposar aquesta ampliaci\u00f3 en l’extracci\u00f3 de petroli i proposa algunes alternatives de conservaci\u00f3 per evitar futurs desastres ecol\u00f2gics irremeiables.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s de 740 esp\u00e8cies en perill amb el nou esquema d’explotaci\u00f3<\/h3>\n

“Almenys 25 ecosistemes i 745 esp\u00e8cies \u00faniques i insubstitu\u00efbles estan en perill amb el nou esquema d’explotaci\u00f3 petrol\u00edfera que es proposa en el sud de l’Amaz\u00f2nia, una regi\u00f3 especialment vulnerable a la p\u00e8rdua de biodiversitat, i la cobertura de protecci\u00f3 \u00e9s insuficient per afrontar noves extraccions de petroli “, assenyala Jes\u00fas Mu\u00f1oz, un dels signants de l’article i actual director del Real Jard\u00ed Bot\u00e0nic de Madrid. “Per tant, la seva preservaci\u00f3 esdev\u00e9 essencial per millorar la protecci\u00f3 de la biodiversitat amaz\u00f2nica a l’Equador”, afegeix.<\/p>\n

El govern del President Correa, conscient de la import\u00e0ncia ecol\u00f2gica d’algunes de les zones m\u00e9s biodiverses de l’Equador, que coincideixen amb blocs petroliers, va llan\u00e7ar el 2007 la Iniciativa Yasun\u00ed-ITT. El seu objectiu era promoure un model de desenvolupament diferent al que nom\u00e9s considera l’explotaci\u00f3 no sostenible de recursos. En concret, la iniciativa proposava deixar d’explotar determinats blocs petrol\u00edfers rebent contraprestacions econ\u00f2miques de la comunitat internacional vinculada al mercat de carboni. Lamentablement, el projecte no va tenir el ress\u00f2 internacional necessari i Equador la va donar per acabada en 2013.<\/p>\n

L’historial d’explotaci\u00f3 de petroli a l’Amaz\u00f2nia est\u00e0 tacat per nombrosos desastres ambientals i socials en zones on viuen nombrosos pobles ind\u00edgenes, alguns dels quals, anomenats ‘pobles en a\u00efllament voluntari’, no han contactat mai amb la societat occidental. Per exemple, al juliol de 2014 es va produir a la zona de l’Amaz\u00f2nia equatoriana un vessament de petroli que va afectar el Llac Agri\u00edo. Es van recol\u00b7lectar uns 1.700 barrils.<\/p>\n

Millorar la tecnologia actual per reduir l’impacte ambiental<\/h3>\n

En aquest context, i amb aquests antecedents, a la feina s’exploren alternatives de conservaci\u00f3 per l’Amaz\u00f2nia equatoriana. “A les nostres conclusions posem l’accent en qu\u00e8 l’ampliaci\u00f3 del mapa petrol\u00edfer posa seriosament comprom\u00eds una part important de la biodiversitat amaz\u00f2nica”, diu Javier Fajardo.<\/p>\n

Com suggeriments per a la seva salvaguarda, els cient\u00edfics proposen augmentar el nivell de protecci\u00f3 de determinades \u00e0rees claus per la seva composici\u00f3 biol\u00f2gica, i oferir una categoritzaci\u00f3 dels blocs petroliers en base al seu import\u00e0ncia per a la conservaci\u00f3. “En l’estudi ressaltar la necessitat d’utilitzar tecnologia punta en l’extracci\u00f3 del petroli per reduir els impactes ambientals”, explica Fajardo.<\/p>\n

El treball, que al costat dels investigadors espanyols tamb\u00e9 signen Janeth Lessmann, del departament d’Ecologia de la Facultat de Ci\u00e8ncies Biol\u00f2giques de la Universitat Cat\u00f2lica de Xile, i Elisa Bonaccorso, de la Universitat Tecnol\u00f2gica Indoam\u00e9rica d’Equador, presenta una visi\u00f3 actualitzada del mapa petrolier de l’Amaz\u00f2nia i una perspectiva de futur partint de l’augment d’extracci\u00f3 de petroli que no nom\u00e9s afectar\u00e0 a l’Equador, el pa\u00eds en el qual se centra aquest estudi, sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 a altres pa\u00efsos com Col\u00f2mbia, Per\u00fa o Bol\u00edvia.<\/p>\n

Segons els cient\u00edfics, el Govern de l’Equador ha de trobar solucions per satisfer les necessitats econ\u00f2miques del pa\u00eds, per\u00f2 no per aix\u00f2 permetre una extracci\u00f3 incontrolada en zones protegides i afectar les comunitats ind\u00edgenes. L’equip recorda que, mentre el preu del petroli disminueix de manera notable, l’impacte ambiental en zones sensibles augmenta de forma alarmant al mateix ritme.<\/p>\n

Refer\u00e8ncia bibliogr\u00e0fica: Janeth Lessmann, Javier Fajardo, Jes\u00fas Mu\u00f1oz i Elisa Bonaccorso. 2016. “Large expansi\u00f3 of oil industry in the Ecuadorian Amazon: biodiversity vulnerabiliy and conservation alternatives” Ecology and Evolution. doi: 10.1002 \/ ece3.2099<\/sub><\/p>\n

Font: <\/strong>Ecoportal.net<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eco Portal 19\/07\/2016El petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l’Amazones. Davant el possible augment de l’explotació petroliera a l’Amazònia equatoriana, un equip de científics, amb participació del Real Jardí Botànic de Madrid, adverteix del perill per a la biodiversitat en aquesta zona.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":419,"featured_media":9207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[4487],"class_list":["post-9209","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","tag-petroleo-amazonas"],"yoast_head":"\nEl petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l'Amazones - Bio Eco Actual<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/ca\/2016\/07\/19\/el-petroli-posa-en-perill-la-biodiversitat-de-l-amazones\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"El petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l'Amazones\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eco Portal 19\/07\/2016El petroli posa en perill la biodiversitat de l’Amazones. 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