{"id":23675,"date":"2018-10-22T23:59:24","date_gmt":"2018-10-22T21:59:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/?p=23675"},"modified":"2018-10-23T00:08:00","modified_gmt":"2018-10-22T22:08:00","slug":"who-invented-beer-and-barley","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bioecoactual.com\/en\/2018\/10\/22\/who-invented-beer-and-barley\/","title":{"rendered":"Who invented beer and barley? EPO continues to grant patents on conventional breeding despite new rules"},"content":{"rendered":"

No Patents on Seeds. –\u00a0<\/em>A hearing took place on October, 8th at the European Patent Office (EPO) in Munich on another patent (EP 2373154) held by Carlsberg and Heineken. The patent covers conventionally-bred barley, its usage in brewing and the resulting beer.\u00a0 According to new rules adopted by the EPO in 2017, patents can no longer be granted on plants derived from conventional breeding. Nevertheless,the EPO has only restricted the patent in some of its details, but not revoked it entirely.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Who<\/p>\n

The barley patents are a precedent case with huge implications for plant breeding in general: many breeders are using technical means to speed up the emergence of random mutations in crop plants. Such processes are considered to be a kind of fast-paced evolution. If any interesting changes in the genome are detected, the EPO considers these mutations to be ‘inventions’ even though some of these techniques have been used in conventional breeding for around 50 years.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experts estimate that already thousands of varieties involving such random mutations are being cultivated worldwide. Up until now, these varieties could be used by breeders without any restriction to produce the next generations of crop plants. Patents, however, monopolise these plants and can severely hamper or block access for other breeders. This means that breeding, agriculture and food production is controlled more and more by big companies<\/strong>. As the Carlsberg and Heineken case shows, in many cases these patents also cover the harvest and its usage in food production.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the beginning of a development which can disable free plant breeding in near future. Such patented mutations could be hidden in each plant variety,\u201d<\/em> Erling Frederiksen<\/strong>\u00a0from No Patents on Seeds!\u00a0<\/em>Denmark is warning. \u201cPatent attorneys, the EPO as well as the companies are the ones to profit from these patents. We cannot allow their interests to become a threat to future of our food.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

The patents held by Carlsberg and Heineken are based on random mutations in the genes of barley that supposedly make beer brewing simpler and cheaper. The patent covers the barley seeds and plants, the harvest, the process of brewing, products such as malt and all beverages produced with the barley. According to\u00a0No Patents on Seeds!<\/a>, the patent is an abuse of the patent system since it does not involve any form of invention. In addition, European laws prohibit patents on plant varieties and conventional breeding. Also current EPO Guidelines for Examination state that genetically engineered plants are patentable, \u201cwhile the products of conventional breeding are not.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Therefore, current decisions as taken by the EPO are in contradiction to its own Guidelines for Examination.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe first decisions taken in opposition procedures based on the new EPO rules already show that these rules are not working. Patents on conventional breeding still being granted,\u201d<\/em> Christoph Then<\/strong> says for\u00a0No Patents on Seeds!<\/em>\u00a0\u201cEuropean politicians now have to take action and close these loopholes. We have to prevent the vested interests of the patent industry from endangering the future of our daily food.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

In June 2018,\u00a0No Patents on Seeds!<\/em>, together with 40 organisations, called upon European politicians to take an active role against seed monopolies such as those created by the Bayer takeover of Monsanto. Now, member states of the EPO have once more been reminded of their continuing responsibility to protect the common good.<\/span><\/p>\n

The following organisations are involved in the oppositions against the patents of Carlsberg and Heineken:\u00a0Arbeitsgemeinschaft b\u00e4uerliche Landwirtschaft (AbL),\u00a0 Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Umweltbeauftragten der Gliedkirchen der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (AGU), Arche Noah \u00d6sterreich, Bioland, ARGE Sch\u00f6pfungsverantwortung \u00d6sterreich, Brot f\u00fcr die Welt \u2013 Evangelischer Entwicklungsdienst,\u00a0B\u00fcndnis gentechnikfreie Landwirtschaft, der BUND Naturschutz Bayern (BN), Bund f\u00fcr Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND), Bundesverband\u00a0Naturkost\u00a0Naturwaren (BNN),\u00a0Campact, Copenhagen Food co-operative D\u00e4nemark, Die Freien B\u00e4cker, Evangelischer Dienst auf dem Land in der EKD (EDL), Erzeugergemeinschaft f\u00fcr \u00f6kologische Braurohstoffe (EZ\u00d6B), Erzeugergemeinschaft B\u00f6rdeland und Diemetal, FIAN, GAIA Portugal, G\u00e4a e.\u00a0V. \u2013 Vereinigung \u00f6kologischer Landbau, Gen-ethisches Netzwerk (GeN), HORIZONT3000 \u00d6sterreich, IG Milch \u00d6sterreich, IG Nachbau, Katholische Landvolkbewegung (KLB), Kein Patent auf Leben!, No Patents on Seeds!, NOAH \u2013 Friends of the Earth Denmark, Plataforma transg\u00e9nicos fora Portugal, Pro Regenwald, ProSpecieRara Schweiz, Sambucus, Save Our Seeds!, Slow Food Deutschland, Swissaid, Umweltinstitut M\u00fcnchen, Verband Katholisches Landvolk (VKL), Welthaus Di\u00f6zese Graz-Seckau \u00d6sterreich, WeMove.EU, Zivilcourage Rosenheim und Miesbach as well as Zukunftsstiftung Landwirtschaft.<\/em><\/p>\n

For more information visit\u00a0www.no-patents-on-seeds.org<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bio Eco Actual<\/strong>, International Organic Newspaper
\n<\/em>Read our issues<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No Patents on Seeds. – A hearing took place on October, 8th at the European Patent Office (EPO) in Munich on another patent (EP 2373154) held by Carlsberg and Heineken. The patent covers conventionally-bred barley, its usage in brewing and the resulting beer.  According to new rules adopted by the EPO in 2017, patents can no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23878,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5210],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23675","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-latest-organic-news"],"yoast_head":"\nWho invented beer and barley? 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